Задание 14 ОГЭ по английскому языку: страница 2
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Doctor Peyo
It is a common belief that cats, dogs and other pets can help people feel happier and healthier. This story is about Peyo, a horse that treats people. He belongs to a breed called the Arab-Barb, which was created in North Africa. The horses of this breed are strong, elegant, and temperamental. They are considered excellent for riding. Peyo, however, was born in Europe and is not just known for his strength and beauty, but also for his unique ability to comfort people who are seriously ill. Peyo became a celebrity in medicine, though his career started ordinarily for a sports horse.
Peyo’s owner and trainer, Hassen Bouchakour, started working with him about two decades ago. He prepared the young horse for competitions and shows. Peyo galloped, jumped, and performed in different sports and cultural events, showcasing impressive tricks such as dancing, bowing, and even walking on his hind legs. But over time, something unusual began to happen.
Once, after a show, Peyo walked away from his trainer and approached a man from the audience. The horse stood quietly beside the person for a long time. The trainer was very much surprised by Peyo’s behaviour. The man, who was seriously ill, said that the horse’s presence made him feel better. His pain was released.
That wasn’t the end of the story. His trainer noticed that Peyo tended to stand near people with visible or even invisible health problems. Amazingly, the horse was able to detect people with serious illnesses even before their diagnoses were known. Doctors were curious about the extraordinary abilities of the horse, but were not able to explain them.
Meanwhile, Peyo has changed his career dramatically. He is not a sports horse anymore. Now, Peyo and his trainer work in a hospital. There, Peyo calmly walks through the halls and gently enters patients’ rooms. He chooses who to visit, without any direction from his trainer. He finds the patients who need him most and brings them peace and even joy.
The doctors and nurses affectionately call the horse Doctor Peyo. They say that Peyo’s presence has visible effects: it reduces patients’ heart rates and blood pressure. It releases pain, which means lower doses of painkilling medication are needed. Some patients who have not spoken or smiled for days relax and smile when the horse is near.
Scientists are still studying Peyo’s behaviour. They want to understand how animals like him can help cure people, and believe that his natural ability to connect with people could improve future therapy programs that involve animals.
When not working, Peyo lives on a quiet farm, where he can rest and run with other horses. His trainer provides healthy food and good medical care.
Peyo is a real celebrity. Videos with him have gone viral online, and his story inspires people. He shows us that healing does not only come from medicine, but sometimes comes from a gentle heart and soft touch.Peyo used to take part in horse shows and public events.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated Источник: ФИПИ, открытый банк, код 78F0E2.
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The Moneyless Man
For most of us it seems that money makes the world go round. However, not for Mark Boyle who has turned his life into a radical experiment.
Mark Boyle was born in 1979 in Ireland and moved to Great Britain after getting a degree in Business. He set up his own business in Bristol. For six years Mark Boyle managed two organic food companies which made him a good profit.
However, in 2008, he decided to give up earning money. He vowed to live without cash, credit cards, or any other form of finance.
Mark Boyle began to realise that many of the world’s problems are just symptoms of a deeper problem. He thought that money gave people the illusion of independence.
Mark sold his house and started preparing himself for his new life. He posted an advert on a website asking for a tent, a caravan (a vehicle for living or travelling) or any other type of a house. Soon an old lady gave him a caravan for free. At least he then had a roof over his head!
After that, with his pockets empty, Mark was ready to go. He didn’t even carry keys as he decided to trust the world a bit more and not lock his caravan. On November 28th (International Buy Nothing Day 2008), he became the Moneyless Man for one whole year.
Everything was different from then on. Mark lived in his caravan on an organic farm where he worked as a volunteer three days a week. In return he got a piece of land to live on and grow his own vegetables. His food was cooked on a stove, and he washed in a shower made from a plastic bag hanging from a tree, and warmed by the sun.
Even breakfast was different. With no morning coffee to brew, Mark had to find an alternative drink to start the day with. So he drank herbal teas, sometimes with some fresh lemon verbena that he could find near the caravan. “It’s all very good for you: iron, calcium, anti-oxidants,” Mark said.
Food was the first thing to consider. Mark discovered that there were four ways to find it: looking for wild food, growing his own food, bartering (exchanging his grown food for something else), and using loads of waste food from shops.
Public interest in his project was divided. While a huge number of people supported him, there was criticism of him, particularly on Internet forums.
“People are either very positive about what I’m doing or very negative; I think it’s about 70 per cent/30 per cent. It’s funny, if you don’t have a massive plasma TV these days, people think you are an extremist,” Mark said.
People tend to ask Mark what he learnt from a year of a moneyless life. “What have I learned? That friendship, not money, is real security,” he answers.
Mark’s remarkable journey is described in his new book “The Moneyless Man”, which shows in a detailed way the challenges he faced on the road to his new world.Mark bought an expensive caravan for his new life.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated Источник: ФИПИ, открытый банк, код AA0066.
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Scouts
On January 24, 1908, the Boy Scout movement started in England with the publication of Robert Baden-Powell’s handbook Scouting for Boys. The name Baden-Powell, a brave officer, was already well-known to many English boys, and thousands of them eagerly bought the handbook. By the end of April, numerous Boy Scout troops had appeared across Britain.
In 1900, General Baden-Powell became a national hero in Britain for his 217-day defence of Mafeking in the Second Boer War in South Africa. Soon after, his military field manual, Aids to Scouting, written for British soldiers in 1899, became popular with a younger audience. Boys loved the lessons on tracking and observation and organized outdoor games using the book. Hearing this, Baden-Powell decided to write a non-military field manual for teenagers that would also emphasize the importance of morality and good deeds.
First, however, he decided to try out some of his ideas on an actual group of boys. On July 25, 1907, he took a diverse group of 21 boys to Brownsea Island in Dorset, where they set up camp for two weeks. With the aid of other instructors, he taught the boys about camping, observation, deduction, woodcraft, boating, life saving, and good manners. Many of these lessons were learned through original games that were very popular with the boys. The first Boy Scout meeting was a great success. Soon the handbook Scouting for Boys appeared.
With the success of Scouting for Boys, Baden-Powell set up a central Boy Scouts’ office, which registered new Scouts and designed a uniform. By the end of 1908, there were 60,000 Boy Scouts, and troops began to appear in British Commonwealth countries across the globe. The Scout movement supported the boys in their physical, mental and spiritual development. The boys learned to work together to achieve goals, they also gave a promise to live by certain rules, and to help others when they could.
In September 1909, the first national Boy Scout meeting was held at the Crystal Palace in London. Ten thousand Scouts showed up, including a group of uniformed girls who called themselves the Girl Scouts. A year later, Baden-Powell organized the Girl Guides as a separate organization.
The American version of the Boy Scouts has its origins in an event that occurred in London in 1909. Chicago publisher William Boyce lost his way in the fog. So he stopped under a street light to read his map when he was approached by a young British boy. The boy asked the man if he could help and William Boyce explained that he had got lost. After guiding Boyce to his destination, the boy refused a tip, explaining that as a Boy Scout he would not accept payment for doing a good deed. This anonymous gesture inspired Boyce to organize several regional U.S. youth organizations. The Scouts movement soon spread throughout the country. In 1912, Juliette Gordon Low founded the Girl Scouts of America in Savannah, Georgia.
In 1920 the first international Boy Scout Jamboree was held in London, and Robert Baden-Powell got the title Chief Scout of the World. The founder of the Scout organization died in 1941.
Nowadays, the Scouts Movement exists in 216 different countries all over the world, there are more than 28 million boy scouts and over 10 million girl scouts.The success of Aids to Scouting made Robert Baden-Powell write a similar book for young people.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated Источник: ФИПИ, открытый банк, код 53408F.
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Oliver the Odd Octopus
“What’s that? That creature…,” Lisa could not take her eyes off something swimming in Ken’s fish tank. The tank was large, much larger than people usually put into their flats for interior reasons. But Ken’s parents were not like most people – his father was a marine biologist, and his mother worked as a vet in the local vet clinic. Their home was different. Lisa wouldn’t be surprised to see a dog or a cat with bandaged legs there – as Ken’s mother sometimes ‘took work home.’ The creature in the fish tank, however, looked like an alien to Lisa.
“Oh, now it’s my dad who’s taken work home. This guy is called Oliver. He’s an octopus, can’t you see?” Ken came up to the fish tank and tapped his fingers on the glass. The octopus immediately approached the glass and looked up at Ken. His eyes were orange, and his eight legs seemed blue. Lisa came up to the tank to take a better look, but the octopus… disappeared! It just dissolved in the water! Lisa was puzzled and Ken laughed loudly, “This is Oliver’s favourite trick. He can turn invisible. Well, almost invisible... He’s still there, but he’s changed his colour to sandy brown to match the sand in the tank. In the wild, this trick helps octopuses to hide from sharks.”
Lisa felt more and more curious about the octopus. “Are you saying Oliver is able to camouflage himself to escape danger? What else can he do?”
“Well, lots of things. He can squeeze through a very small hole. As small as a coin. Look, if I put this plate with a hole between him and his snack, he will get to his food in no time,” said Ken. He opened the tank, put his hand with a snack into the water and blocked the octopus’s way to it with a large plastic plate with a few small holes.
“I bet he’ll never get through the hole. It’s too small! Oliver’s much larger! Even his head…” but Lisa did not complete what she wanted to say, because Oliver had already moved through the hole as if he were liquid. He grabbed his snack with one of his eight arms and looked at Lisa. “Oh, he’s amazing!” Lisa couldn’t hide her surprise.
“See?” Ken was pleased with the performance. “It’s easy because he has no bones.”
“How is it possible? No bones at all? I wouldn’t believe it if I hadn’t seen it myself.” Lisa looked at Oliver very closely and added, “He is odd, of course. But he is not ugly. He is even cute. And he looks smart.”
Ken nodded in agreement, “My dad says octopuses are very smart. They can watch and learn by watching. They are fast at learning new skills and they are good at problem-solving. For example, they can figure out how to open a jar or untie a knot. My father has been studying the behaviour of dogs and cats, and, according to him, octopuses are cleverer and more resourceful than they are. At least my father is sure of that. He’s been testing Oliver’s abilities for a few weeks, and has got some astonishing results.”Ken and Lisa were classmates.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated Источник: ФИПИ, открытый банк, код A80B81.
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Kamchatka
When I think back to my journey to Kamchatka, it feels like I visited another world. My job involves lots of travelling, as I’m a wildlife photographer. I’m not a person who can be easily impressed, but Kamchatka amazed me! It is a peninsula in the far east of Russia, very far from big cities, and it cannot be called a popular tourist destination.
It is not easy to get there. People usually do it by boat or by helicopter, and maybe this is why the nature of the region still looks so wild and untouched. The rivers and streams (and there are more than 14,000 of them on the peninsula) cut through mountains and valleys, making the landscape wild and dramatic.
The first thing I noticed was the volcanoes. Kamchatka has more than three hundred volcanoes, and some of them are still active. When I saw smoke rising from the crater of Klyuchevskaya Sopka, the highest volcano in Eurasia, I felt both afraid and excited. Walking on the black volcanic soil was like walking on another planet. I took some photos of the landscape, which looked like shots from a space-exploration film. The ground was warm in some places, and small hot springs bubbled out of the earth.
I had seen geysers before Kamchatka, but nothing like the Valley of the Geysers! The guide said there were about 40 to 90 geysers, depending on how you count. Some of them erupt regularly every 15 minutes, and others once in a few hours. The temperature of the water is very high; it may be close to the boiling point, near 95-100°C.
The guide explained that in 2007, a large landslide happened in the Valley, which dramatically changed the landscape of the place. Mud, rocks and sand buried many geysers, and some of them were flooded by water, but that was how a new lake was formed. It is cold Geysernaya Lake, and I felt privileged to see it, as not many people can.
Along with being remote and difficult to reach, the Valley of Geysers is a very vulnerable place and needs protection. Tourists are allowed there in very small quantities. They are usually taken there by helicopter, and then they have to use special walking paths, so as not to cause any damage to the environment. There are lots of other amazing places on Kamchatka which I want to see when I go (hopefully!) there next time.
And, of course, as a wildlife photographer, I took a lot of shots of the animals on Kamchatka. You probably know that Kamchatka has the highest concentration of brown bears in the world. In summer, you can see dozens of bears fishing for salmon in the same river at the same time. But I will write about that in my next entry…The narrator got to Kamchatka by helicopter.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated Источник: ФИПИ, открытый банк, код 947A88.
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Mark Twain
Mark Twain wrote ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’ in 1884. Since then, the book has been published in at least sixty languages, and some people say it is the best book ever created by an American writer. American students have ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’ on their school reading list and parents, teachers and literary experts still debate the problems touched in the book.
The writer’s real name was Samuel Clemens. Samuel was born in 1835. He grew up in the state of Missouri on the Mississippi River. After his father died, young Samuel went to work as an assistant to a publisher. Ten years later, he became a pilot on a steamboat that sailed on the Mississippi. He heard the riverboat workers call out the words “mark twain!” That was a measure for the depth of water. Later he used this word combination as a pen-name.
In 1861 Clemens travelled west and became a reporter for newspapers in Nevada and California. He wrote news stories, editorials and sketches under his pen-name Mark Twain. He became one of the best known storytellers in the West. He developed his own narrative style – friendly, funny, and often satirical, which won him a wide audience. The first success came with the story ‘The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras County’.
Mark Twain travelled a lot during his lifetime not only round the USA but also to Europe and the Holy Land. He naturally began writing books about his travels. ‘The Adventures of Tom Sawyer’ was published in 1876, and soon after he began writing a sequel, ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’.
It took Mark Twain longer to write ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’ than any of his other books. He started writing in 1876, but put the story away after about two years of work. He returned to it in 1883, and the following year it was published.
From the beginning, the book was strongly debated. Some critics praised its realism and honesty, but the others strongly disliked it. They protested against the personality of Huck – a rough, dirty and disobedient boy. They could not agree that such a person should be the main character of a book. What’s more, critics disliked the way Mark Twain used the language of a common, uneducated person to tell the story; no writer had ever done that before.
Today there is no longer any debate about the importance of ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’ in American literature. In 1935 Ernest Hemingway wrote: “All modern American literature comes from one book by Mark Twain called ‘Huckleberry Finn.’ There was nothing before. And there has been nothing as good since.”
No wonder then that the novel ‘The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn’ was a great inspiration for film producers – more than 20 screen versions of the book have been shot not only in America, but also in Europe, Russia and Japan. There are feature films, musicals, cartoons and even Japanese anime.The writer took his pen-name when working as an assistant to a publisher.
1) True 2) False 3) Not stated Источник: ФИПИ, открытый банк, код 81F684.
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