Попробовать

Задание 14 ЕГЭ по английскому языку

Номер 14 — «Понимание прочитанного текста · Чтение». Ниже 56 заданий №14 ЕГЭ по английскому языку: введите ответ и нажмите «Проверить». Каждое задание открывается отдельной страницей.

Ответы не сверены с ключом ФИПИ. Нашли ошибку? Напишите нам.

  1. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    Challenges for foreigners in Russia
    If you are moving from an English-speaking country to another, some of the problems of the new location will be minimized, but moving to a foreign language country is probably one of the hardest things to do. You will probably experience culture shock and will definitely have your ups and downs. Here’s a list of challenges you can expect to run into while you adjust to Russia.
    Language, of course, is a no-brainer, but I couldn’t leave it off the list! I strongly advise learning at least the alphabet before coming to Russia to avoid feeling completely isolated. While going anywhere where you don’t speak the language can knock you down for a while, Russian is especially difficult with its complex grammar structure (cases, verb aspect, prefixes), unpredictable word stress, and difficult pronunciation (the letters ы, ь, and й always get me) … which also means your successes will be especially triumphant!
    Effective communication is an essential part of our lives that we often overlook when it comes so naturally, but the first time you can’t answer a cashier’s simple question or can’t properly vent to your host family about your day, you will never underestimate the power of words again.
    The second challenge is expressing emotions. Most people are familiar with the stereotype that “Russians don’t smile”. From my observation, Russians tend to show little emotion outside of home. Surrounded by strangers, often in harsh or unpleasant weather, there is no reason to emote freely. Of course, you see friends laughing and couples kissing and people arguing, but for the most part (excluding driving), emotions stay on the inside. Until you get home, when Russians are comfortable and around people they trust, passions run strong.
    In the United States, the expression of our emotions tends to vary little in different circumstances, but when expressed, Russian emotions can be even stronger and perhaps even more genuine and heartfelt than Americans are used to.
    In addition, if you are a foreign student in Russia, the biggest challenge is a different education system. Russian higher education is very different from that in the United States. For the most part, universities are buildings scattered throughout a city, not the centralized micro-cities that many US students are used to. Russians generally take 9–11 classes per semester that meet less frequently than American courses would, and it is not uncommon to skip a class almost entirely and just cram for the final from other students’ notes or a study guide. Professors are also less available – no office hours, they don’t always give out a school e-mail address, and in general they treat students more like colleagues.
    It can be a shock going from a campus plastered with student event flyers to a cluster of half-empty academic buildings, but don’t worry – Russians make up for it by hosting a plethora of clubs and organizations for the city in general. Especially in St. Petersburg and Moscow there are hundreds of clubs to join from language (be a star in the English conversation club; meet other foreigners in the Russian club), sports, acting, dancing, singing, board games, movie-watching, and more! Try making some searches on the Russian social network V Kontakte to start out.
    Going abroad for a long period of time has its difficulties no matter where you choose to go, but the better prepared you are for the challenges you’ll face in Russia, the faster you will adjust and be able to call this northern empire your second home.

    It is implied that your communication skills are … when you live abroad.

    1)improved naturally
    2)challenged
    3)more effective
    4)often ignored

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  2. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    Video games are good for you
    Video games are a very intrinsic part of most kids’ lives. They’re now more accessible than ever, from e-sports tournaments on television, to mobile games on our smartphones. For parents, there will always be that dilemma over how much access we give our children to video games. To help get to the bottom of this issue, we’ve looked at some of the more recent scientific research. Here’s a brief synopsis of what we found, followed by details on the science behind this statement.
    Studies conducted recently have proven that gaming has the ability to improve the quality of life for the mentally ill and disabled. They revealed that playing different video games increases grey matter, or the size of your brain. Games also streamline both learned and instinctive skills. Simply put, gaming impacts the parts of the brain responsible for spatial orientation, fine motor skills – which constitute the ability to make tiny movements – and memory.
    For one study, researchers selected two groups of adults. One group was asked to play Super Mario 64 for half an hour a day over the course of two months. The other group played no video games at all. A direct link was made between gaming and an increase in brain size. This led the researchers to conclude that people afflicted with mental disabilities who’ve had areas of their brains shrink could benefit from playing video games.
    Video games can teach kids real-world problem-solving skills, as well as how to strategize. Open-ended, world-building games give gamers an opportunity to sharpen their problem-solving skills on a larger and more impactful scale. Players lay out and construct their city, and then have to plan ahead for different events. It teaches planning and resource management, beneficial for both kids and older players.
    A study from University College London reported that certain games can increase players’ cognitive flexibility. Scientists describe this ability to be one of the cornerstones of human intelligence. Researchers discovered participants who played real-time strategy games for 40 hours over two months’ time made noticeable gains in their performance on tests. They completed various tasks with increased speed and more accuracy, as well.
    We have established how video games could be beneficial for the mind, but what about the body? You might not think of video games as being a physical activity. After all, it’s common to associate gaming with your kids sitting on the couch or in a computer chair for long periods of time. This doesn’t have to be the case.
    A 2013 study looked at surgeons playing games on a gaming console. Gaming was found to help with precise muscle movements, as well as the surgeons’ hand-eye coordination. Both of these are essential skills in their field.
    Dr. Debbie Rand, of Tel-Aviv University, conducted a study designed to find a more effective and affordable way to help patients regain their movement and speech after having a stroke. They were then broken into two groups. The first group used traditional rehab exercises, while the second played video games. Both groups showed improvement in certain areas, such as regaining strength in their grip. The group which played video games continued to improve their hand strength after the treatment was over.
    There is evidence to suggest that video games are good for you, both mentally and physically. The stereotypes around gaming are starting to fall away as a result. As they do so, more and more people have opened themselves up to the benefits gaming has to offer. As with anything else though, the best way to maintain those benefits is through playing in moderation, particularly when it comes to children.

    This in paragraph 3 (This led the researchers to conclude) refers to the fact that …

    1)people restored physical abilities.
    2)playing games led to brain changes.
    3)life of the disabled regained quality.
    4)the game was played for a short time.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  3. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    Agatha Christie’s secret life as an archaeologist
    She is one of the best-known crime writers of all time, but few know the extent of Agatha Christie’s archaeological pedigree. What can we discover if we dig into her past?
    Married in 1930 to Max Mallowan, an eminent archaeologist, Christie spent two decades living on excavation sites in the Middle East, writing her crime novels and helping out with her husband’s work. Travel by boat and on the Orient Express to Cairo, Damascus and Baghdad provided ideas for some of Christie’s best-known works of detective fiction, including “Murder on the Orient Express”, “Death on the Nile”, and “Murder in Mesopotamia”.
    Now, 3,000-year-old ivory artifacts recovered by Mallowan between 1949 and 1963 from the ancient city of Nimrud, in what is now Iraq, and likely cleaned by his famous wife using cotton wool buds and face cream, are currently on display at the British Museum in London. “Face cream in fact is quite a good thing to clean (artifacts) with. Obviously conservators now wouldn’t use that, but I don’t think it has done (the pieces) any harm,” he claimed, adding that in fact it was quite resourceful of Christie to think of applying her Innoxa face cream to the fragile, dirty pieces. “Agatha, who was very conscious of being fifteen years older than her husband, travelled everywhere with her moisturiser and it was just the right consistency for cleaning artifacts,” said Henrietta McCall, the author of “The Life of Max Mallowan: Archaeology and Agatha Christie.”
    Christie’s interest in archaeology, according to McCall, went deeper than support for her husband’s work and even formed the backdrop to works such as “Murder in Mesopotamia”, in which the culprit turns out to be an archaeologist. Several of the characters in the book can be traced to the people Christie knew from a dig in Ur in what is modern Iraq, including the murder victim, which McCall believes is based on the wife of archaeologist Leonard Woolley. “She made a wonderful quote on archaeology and crime detection, that they are very similar because you have to clear away the debris to reveal the shining truth,” said McCall. And Christie’s elaborate plotting and clue building came in handy when piecing together broken artifacts.
    According to the archaeologist Charlotte Trumpler, “Christie was of course fascinated by puzzles, using little archaeological fragments, and she had a gift for piecing them together very patiently.” Trumpler co-curated a 2001-2 travelling exhibition “Agatha Christie and Archaeology: Mystery in Mesopotamia” alongside Henrietta McCall.
    Although Christie played an important role in her husband’s work, even financing many of his expeditions, she was, according to McCall, very modest about her contributions. She was fiercely proud of Mallowan, who is often referred to as one of the best-known archaeologists of the post-WWII period. However, Trumpler believes that though Christie never publically mentioned it, her contribution to archaeology was larger than she imagined. Her notes and black and white photographs of excavation sites are used by archaeologists and researchers even today, she said.
    Christie’s readiness to muck in and help her husband, says Trumpler, stemmed from her desire to be a devoted wife but also from a fascination with the Middle East that stayed with her for many years. “Everyone thinks Agatha Christie was a bit like the character Miss Marple, that she lived in England and was into knitting and looking after the garden,” said Trumpler. “Actually, she wasn’t … she had such a fascinating life apart from being an author.”

    The word it in Paragraph 3 (“... I don’t think it has done …”) refers to using …

    1)her moisturiser.
    2)her good idea.
    3)discovered artifacts.
    4)a special tool.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  4. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    Life hacks for visiting Russia
    Planning a holiday in Russia and don’t want to break the bank? Here are a few hacks to help your journey around the world’s biggest country on a shoestring.
    Like people from all over the world, many Russians are open to volunteering in exchange for food, accommodation, and new experiences. There is, for example, the Help Exchange advertising service. Foreigners are invited as volunteers by small companies, families, children’s camps, and even the Academy of Sciences. The conditions depend on the host but be sure that for interesting offers there will be stiff competition: you have to monitor the offers and respond quickly. It helps if you have recommendations. Last year, on a competitive basis, me and my friends managed to go to Ferapontovo (an ancient monastery on the UNESCO World Heritage list), to Kamchatka and Siberia, and to a summer camp on Lake Baikal. The “hottest” time is the summer season. The obvious plus – apart from the fact that you pay almost nothing – is that many hosts provide help with visas and pay for your journey. And the minus is that you will really have to work.
    Big cities like Moscow and St. Petersburg offer the Russian tourist the CityPass, which entitles you to free museum admissions and excursions, admission without queuing, river cruises, discounts for taxis and restaurants, unlimited calls within Russia, and many other benefits. It may seem a bit costly but it will save you much more. You can also save money without a tourist pass. If you are not too shy, remember: in Russia, you can enter many museums and parks at the exits but I wouldn’t go for it.
    Another life hack is to check on free admission days. Every museum has free admission days. At the Hermitage in St. Petersburg the first Thursday of each month is a free day, while at the New Tretyakov Gallery in the Russian capital it is every Wednesday.
    As a rule, tickets to museums and art galleries cost more for foreign nationals than locals. Tourists who don’t want to pay extra can ask a Russian to buy tickets for them. And don’t waste money on an audio guide. To be honest, you won’t need it. You can download audio guides in English for many popular museums in Russia from the App Store.
    As for eating out while travelling in Russia, there are a number of pretty cheap options. You can find special offers in Russian cafés and restaurants at any time of the day. Canteens (cheap restaurants that serve homemade dishes) are a win-win option. Here, a soup, main course, drink, and dessert will cost you just 250-300 rubles or cheaper.
    I had the following routine when travelling around Russia. In the morning I had breakfast in canteens attached to institutes or ordinary public canteens, which you can find on 2Gis (a multilingual digital service that has city maps and tells you how much the average bill in different eateries will be). For lunch I would go to any place serving business lunches (many restaurants offer them between 12:00 and 17:00), giving preference to places with a high rating. And for dinner I would use coupons from special websites available only in Russian – a sushi selection at a 50-percent discount is very filling and very tasty. Or on some evenings I cooked my own dinner buying food in a supermarket.
    Not many people know how to save while travelling but if you prepare yourself in advance by reading tips from experienced travellers, you may visit more places and spend less money while enjoying it none the less.

    It in Paragraph 3 (“It may seem a bit costly…”) most probably refers to …

    1)international calls.
    2)a tourist’s discount card.
    3)eating in restaurants.
    4)visiting museums in cities.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  5. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    How a Paris abbey became a science museum
    A trip to Europe without visiting museums would be like a trip to Fiji without visiting a beach. It just seems wrong to ignore such an embarrassment of riches. So when I was in France last year, I dutifully walked through museums, but I soon noticed a strange phenomenon. Every time I think about going to a museum, it seems like a fascinating way to spend an afternoon, but once I get there, I almost always find myself getting very sleepy by the time I get to the second gallery. I try to be enthusiastic … but usually I’m no match for the long halls of display cases.
    There is an exception to this rule, though: science museums. I love inventions and gadgets, getting to know how things work and how people went about solving very difficult problems. I can stay awake in a good science museum indefinitely. So while in Paris, I visited the Conservatory of Arts and Trades. Part of this centuries-old institution is a museum that’s open to the public, and it contains a fascinating variety of objects and exhibits including the original Foucault’s Pendulum.
    The Conservatory is off the beaten path; most English guidebooks don’t even mention it. It does, however, attract a certain number of pilgrims who were fascinated by Umberto Eco’s novel Foucault’s Pendulum, part of which takes place there. In the novel, a secret passage under the floor of the nave connects with the Paris sewers. That isn’t the case in reality, but truth is perhaps more interesting than fiction. There is something under the floor of the nave, a curious part of the building’s long and strange history.
    The foundation for the abbey church of St. Martin of the Fields was laid around 1059, about the time of the Norman conquest. Over the next centuries, numerous additions and renovations were undertaken. All that changed in the French Revolution when under the name of Conservatory of Arts and Trades, it became a depository for machines, models, tools, drawings, descriptions and books in all the areas of the arts and trades. It officially opened in 1802.
    The museum closed for a renovation in 1993, and as part of the process, archaeological excavations were undertaken beneath the floor of the nave. For the entire history of the church, there had been stories that the site on which it stood was once a Merovingian funerary basilica, but this had never been proven. What archaeologists discovered was a large necropolis dating from the 6th or 7th century with about 100 plaster coffins inside. The tales were indeed true.
    When the museum reopened a few years later, it was a typical shiny and up-to-date science museum. But it was decided that their thousands of additional articles should be made available to scholars even when they’re not on exhibit. So they opened a satellite facility in the nearby town of Saint-Denis, where by appointment only qualified researchers can go to examine the rest of the museum’s collection.
    I’ve been to the Conservatory in 2000 and in 2003. As a science museum I found it a sheer delight. The former abbey is only a portion of the museum, and the museum is only a portion of the Conservatory. But all the history of the building and the institution seems to be concentrated in the large nave with its bones beneath and gadgets above. The odd contrast of centuries of monastic simplicity with centuries of technological progress tickles me in a way I can’t easily describe. Perhaps the Pendulum says it best: as a scientific wonder that’s also meditatively simple, it symbolically bridges the illusory divide between technology and spirituality.

    Which of the following does NOT explain the author’s love for science museums?

    1)He loves history of gadgets.
    2)There is a chance to see how mechanisms work.
    3)It’s possible to touch the things that he likes.
    4)The author likes stories of inventions.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  6. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    How different cultures handle personal space
    Our perspectives on personal space – the distance we keep between us and the person in front of us on an elevator – are often heavily influenced by the norms of the places we inhabit. If someone comes more into your personal space than you are used to, you can often feel like, ‘What’s happening here?’ And it is easy to misread what someone is actually communicating if you only come from your cultural perspective.
    I am in noisy Cairo, a crowded city of some 16 million people. In the summer it feels like everyone is sitting on top of you in the smog and heat. On my balcony I can see the lady across the alley ironing her clothes. Last week I was watching television and someone yelled from the building next door to turn it down. I spent one day on a microbus, a type of minivan Egyptians use to get around the city. I was squished in the back next to two other women, and 12 more people were piled in. Young boys with no cash jumped on the back for a free ride.
    Walking around the city is like dealing with an obstacle course. The narrow streets are made more narrow by cars parked on the sidewalks, sometimes even in the middle of the street. Standing in one of the most crowded parts of Cairo, Giza Square, you really have no sense of personal space. There are too many people to have that. There is no legal time to cross the street, you just cross when you can. A man brushed up right against me, didn’t even notice, and didn’t even apologise – because that’s normal here.
    In the morning Egyptians crowd around breakfast stands throughout the capital. Men serve up hot veggies and bread. People eat at the stand as others flash money above their heads to get service, bodies pressed up against each other. A friend jokes that by the time you get your food, you need to shake the other patrons out of your clothes.
    Without space there is no privacy. In every Cairo apartment building there is a bawab, the building guard. He knows the comings and goings of every resident on the street. But the closeness is also comforting. It is a fundamentally kind city. If you fall, people will rush to your aid. No one will walk by thinking, ‘not my problem.’ It is loud, crowded and claustrophobic, and it is maddening and wonderful at the same time.
    I’m in Sao Paulo’s metro system. This is a city of 20 million people – one of the largest cities in the world. Some people take three hours every day just to get to work, going from one side of the city to another. In most countries in the world, people are on the metro staring at their feet, or they have got their headphones on and they are in their own little world. But here people are very engaged, talking to one another, and interacting. It is a much livelier scene than in many other cities.
    Another surprising aspect to life here: there is a lot of respect for the elderly and mothers with children. At the supermarket, at the cinema, at government offices, they have special lines that give these individuals priority. Family is important here. Because of the high cost of living they tend to be small, but families here are close-knit. Everyone gathers on a Sunday for lunch, but they often visit during the week as well. And that sense of caring translates into how people treat others in public spaces.
    As I am standing on the metro, I see a young woman offer her seat to an older one with a smile. The retiree says she often gets offered a seat. Still, she tells me, Brazil is an unsafe country and she is often nervous when out in the city. That is what makes this all the more surprising. People say that safety is one of their main concerns when they go on public transport, but that doesn�t stop them from this important human-to-human contact.

    Squished in paragraph 2 (“I was squished in the back next to two other women …”) most probably means …

    1)punched.
    2)pushed.
    3)pressed.
    4)moved.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  7. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    Tablets out, imagination in
    In the heart of Silicon Valley is a nine-classroom school where employees of tech giants Google, Apple and Yahoo send their children. But despite its location in America’s digital centre, there is not an iPad, smartphone or screen in sight. The fact that parents working for the biggest technology companies are questioning the value of computers in education begs the question – is the futuristic dream of high-tech classrooms really in the best interests of the next generation?
    A global report by the OECD organisation suggests that there is no link between excessive use of computers and high results for reading, maths and science. What is more, those students who use tablets and computers often tend to do worse than students who use them less frequently.
    Beverly Amico from the Association of Waldorf Schools of North America explains that their teachers encourage students to learn subjects by expressing themselves through artistic activities such as painting and drawing, rather than consuming information downloaded onto a tablet. The idea is to get rid of the distraction of electronic media and to encourage stronger communication between teacher and pupil during lessons.
    Amico claims one of the reasons parents who work in the digital industry are choosing a low-tech, no-tech education for their children is that it teaches students innovative thinking skills. And these are what many employers desire. She adds that students weaned on technology often lack the ability to think outside the box and solve problems.
    Sarah Thorne, head of the London Acorn school, also questions the belief that limiting or removing the use of technology in class will make the students less competitive on the job market.
    Students under the age of 12 at the school in Morden, London, are banned from using smartphones and computers, and watching TV or films at all times, including during holidays. The school’s students are allowed to watch TV once they reach 12 years old and then only documentaries that have been previously vetted by parents. They cannot watch films until they are 14. The Internet is banned completely for everyone under 16, both at home and at school. And computers are only to be used as part of the school curriculum for students who are at least 14.
    It may sound draconian, but Thorne believes taking a more considered approach to the use of technology in class allows teachers to help students develop core skills such as leadership, decision making and creativity. Besides, much of the technology which is cutting edge today is likely to appear primitive in tomorrow’s world.
    Thorne claims feedback from students about the restrictions has been positive. Younger pupils relish the chance to play and even teenagers who have come from a typical school admit they are happier.
    Restricting the use of technology is also a challenge for the 21st century teachers, who are used to the easy accessibility of resources and information, thanks to interactive whiteboards and computers. “It is hard work,” admits Ian Young, a class teacher. “You definitely have to be a lot more creative in how you deliver a lesson,” he says. “You have to work with your voice more, whether it is loud or quiet, to give them incentive. You need to make sure you keep them interested in what’s coming next.” He adds: “I don’t think we are doing children any favours by teaching them through machines at that young age.”

    Both Beverly Amico and Sarah Thorne think that limiting technology in the classroom will ...

    1)help students concentrate better.
    2)boost students’ creativity.
    3)develop students’ communication skills.
    4)better prepare students for the job market.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  8. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    Punctuality
    There are few habits as infuriating as someone making us wait. But, despite what may be running through your mind as you’re kept waiting again, it’s unlikely your friends and colleagues are just being selfish or do not care about the time. A look into the causes of lateness (or tardiness) offers a glimpse into a mind that may be malfunctioning.
    Perceptions of unpunctual people are almost always negative. “It is easy to perceive them as disorganised, chaotic, rude and lacking in consideration for others,” says Harriet Mellotte, a behavioural therapist in London. “Outside of my clinical practice, others being late can particularly get under my skin!”
    But, many late people are at least somewhat organised and want to keep friends, family and bosses happy. The punctually-challenged are often excruciatingly aware and ashamed of the damage their lateness could do to their relationships, reputations and careers. Some excuses are fairly universally accepted – an accident or ailment, for example. But others aren’t so easy to swallow. Some late people will pass it off as a symptom of being concerned with loftier matters than time-keeping or having the body clock of a night owl rather than a lark.
    Personality differences could also dictate how we experience the passing of time. Jeff Conte, a psychology professor at San Diego State University, ran a study in which he separated participants into Type A people (ambitious, competitive) and Type B (creative, reflective, explorative). He asked them to judge, without clocks, how long it took for one minute to elapse. Type A people felt a minute had gone by when roughly 58 seconds had passed. Type B participants felt a minute had gone by after 77 seconds. “Being consistently late might not be your fault. It could be your type. The punctually-challenged often share personality characteristics such as optimism, low levels of self-control, anxiety”, he says.
    Dr Linda Sapadin, a psychologist from New York, says some persistent lateness comes from “an obsessive thinking problem”. The procrastinator focuses on a fear attached to the event or deadline for which they are running late. Rather than figuring out how to get beyond the fear, the fear becomes the excuse – usually expressed with a ‘but’ statement. For instance, you might tell yourself, “I wanted to be on time for that event but I couldn’t decide what to wear; I started to write an article but I was afraid my colleagues would find it not good enough,” she explains. “Whatever comes after the ‘but’ is what counts,” says Sapadin. She suggests changing the word ‘but’ to ‘and’. ‘But’ denotes opposition and blockage; ‘And’ denotes connection and resolution, she explains, so “the task becomes less frightening.”
    Dr Sapadin started on her path to punctuality by identifying and adapting the very thing that seemed to always make her late. “Instead of getting angry or upset because a friend or a loved one is always late, you can take a stand and set boundaries,” she says. “Talk about what you will do if the other person isn’t on time. Tell your late friend you’ll go into the movie without them if they’re more than ten minutes late. Tell that colleague who never turns his part of the project in on time that it just won’t be included next time – and the boss will know about it.”
    For me, a turning point came when a good friend drew her line in the sand. I was an hour late for a run in our local park. “That was it,” she said. “The truth is, I’m not going to make any more plans with you.” And so she set in motion the best thing for me: she put an end to my perpetual lateness.

    Which of the excuses for the unpunctuality is NOT mentioned by the author?

    1)Biological rhythms.
    2)Health problems.
    3)Important business.
    4)Clock failure.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  9. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    In search for a graduate job
    As I write this, exhausted, fingers on the keys of an equally tired laptop, closing the twenty-something open windows before me, I find myself a little sad. Sitting here, sifting through a Google search muddle of: “Graduate job Scotland”, “Graduate schemes UK”, “Graduate work, anywhere, please?”, “Soon to be extremely poor graduate, HELP!”, I realize that I might never find the elusive placement I’m after.
    Melodramatic Googling aside, the job crisis is real, and it could be hitting us harder in 2017 than ever before. These attempts – vague Internet searches, seemingly empty threads towards one highly competitive position at a company hundreds of miles away, never ending applications – are rather disappointing. Granted, this may not apply to those smart enough who found a job from day one. But, for the rest of us, the uncertain majority, it is increasingly clear that a university education alone is not the life-affirming trip to professional work that it once was.
    Where it is fair to say that degrees are still highly regarded in the working world, they are no longer a golden ticket. In fact, last year statistics stated that around 58% of graduates are in jobs deemed to be “non-graduate” positions. Another survey revealed that graduates from the wealthiest 20% of families were still earning 30% more than the rest ten years after leaving higher education. Clearly then, despite my own fruitless search on career websites, there are positions out there. But with the majority of graduates entering into jobs without a degree requirement, and the elite minority remaining the UK’s top earners, are we experiencing a turn in graduate opportunity?
    Something I have found really striking about application process is simply how costly it is. I spent the past four years building a solid CV, working in and out of university to refine my own professional skills and felt rather confident in my ability to find relevant work in Scotland. However, as filling in forms leads to booking trains or planes, arranging serial interviews, checking into inns, choosing transport routes, it seems that opportunity is twinned with your financial situation. Well, my card was recently declined in the library café, so this is something that is weighing on my mind.
    While the wealthiest of graduates continue to snag the high earning positions after University, the rest of us face new competition, as graduate vacancies are once again streamlined by the rise of apprenticeships. But, where does it leave us, the soon to be un-qualified, over-qualified degree holders of 2017 that have slipped through the employment net? Is it back to full-time education for the rest of our lives? Working “for now”, saving until your dream becomes financially viable? Applying anyway? Taking out another loan (or five)? Truth is, it’s probably all of these things.
    It’s probably sticking it out, demanding to be listened to, building up a CV that you are proud of and staying true to your own aspirations. It’s probably all the things we were told at the Careers Fairs, in interviews, by our parents and preached ourselves. University might no longer be the only slipway into professional work, but it is a weighted way in, and that degree (which, by the way, you will get) is something you have earned and something that will open doors for you, even if you can’t see them just yet and even if, in 2017, there is a bit more of a queue.

    What does statistics show about graduate jobs?

    1)The minority of students are content with their work.
    2)The cleverest students ensure the best jobs.
    3)Most of the graduates get low-qualified positions.
    4)Graduates of elite universities get the highest salaries.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  10. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    An end to second-hand coffee
    To the naked eye, this farm is just like any other. But it doesn’t take long to realise that the farm of Jesus Martin, though not huge, is anything but ordinary.
    Martin grew up like many others in the Santa Ana Valley – known as the Coffee Triangle of Colombia – on a coffee farm owned by his father and grandfather. “I am the youngest of six children and we all worked the farm,” Martin said. “My parents focused their energies on teaching us the agricultural trade, but also the love behind it.” Despite this great dedication to coffee and respect for his family business, he ended up pursuing a different career altogether: law and business management. It didn’t come easy to him as coffee was never far away.
    During every visit to his family’s humble farm, the rich aromas of beans roasting and the smell of his mother’s carrot cake caused his heart to beat faster. Coffee was his life, and in 2004, after years practicing law, he found a way to combine his legal knowledge, business education and family’s lifeline into what he called “the coffee dream project”.
    Despite growing some of the most coveted beans in the world, most Colombians have never even tasted the Colombian coffee that is renowned around the world. Instead, local people drink what they call “second-hand coffee”, which is made from berries that haven't fully ripened, have been over-roasted or even infected with insects and diseases. Like most businesses in struggling economies, the farmers only make profits on exports – so they save their best stuff for higher paying countries. “Farming coffee for a profit is very challenging,” Martin explained, tossing a few berries in his hand. “The coffee trade intermediaries, exporters, roasters and big multinational companies are the ones that benefit the most in the coffee-trade chain.” Martin’s dream project, however, was to turn this process around, bringing specialty coffee back to Colombia.
    The project, however, was a total surprise for his family. “When I first informed them, they told me I was crazy, they said it was a wild goose chase.”
    Even with his background in farming, starting the project from the ground up was difficult. Convincing his workers to focus on quality was his biggest concern; most only cared about quantity since their wage was dependent on how many beans they picked. Martin recalled many hours, days and weeks training local farmers to understand the process, from the colours of the raw berries to the smell and taste of the beans once they’d been dried and sorted.
    Once the farmers understood the importance of quality, it was onto phase two: bring the roasting process in-house, instead of paying for the beans to be roasted elsewhere. Buying his own roaster – one of the only five in the entire country – was expensive, but the purchase offered a huge saving in roasting, packaging and exporting costs.
    By 2008, his passion started to pay off; he opened his flagship store Café Jesus Martin in Salento. The shop and its team of trained baristas, Martin said, have done much to teach the locals about enjoying specialty coffee. The look on their face when they take their first sip is what keeps him motivated. “They are reacting so positively; they’re discovering something entirely different than what they’re used to consuming,” Martin said. “When they discover the difference in quality of their coffee, they start to care more about where and whom it’s coming from.”

    The phrase “… caused his heart to beat faster” (Paragraph 3) shows that Martin …

    1)missed his mother.
    2)easily got very excited.
    3)liked the life on the family farm.
    4)drank too much coffee.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  11. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    Part-time work while studying
    Oxbridge students are actively discouraged from working during term time, but others have no choice. More than two thirds of students rely on loans, but they don’t cover all the living expenses, which means that those who don’t have financial support from their parents are forced to take on work. For many, wages from part-time work are the only way they can make ends meet. It’s tough and it’s often the students’ academic work that loses out.
    This year, many freshers will be asking a familiar question: how much can they work during term time before it impacts their degree – and what kind of jobs are most suitable?
    The best and most understanding employers tend to be universities themselves. Many students have part-time jobs in cafés, bars and shops on campus. You can also work on an ad-hoc basis as a guide on open days and during freshers’ week. These will be at least minimum wage and are likely to offer a healthy number of hours to fit easily around studies.
    Longer term part-time jobs tend to provide a steady, though lower income. However, you may need to consider how flexible your hours will be. My friend who worked part-time as a waitress says that although she liked meeting people in the city, the work was often unreliable. “Once I didn’t get a shift for two months and it was too late in the year to get a new job. I was really short of money,” she says.
    However, be careful what you sign up for. Hannah Brown runs Manchester University’s “job shop”, which offers advice to students and advertises posts. She says more and more students are looking to work at university, but they should be careful. Her team don’t advertise anything over 20 hours a week and their advice is not to work more than 15. “We always advertise flexible jobs and avoid anything commission-based,” she says.
    Before you commit to a job, make employers aware of your timetable. “There have been numerous times where I’ve been put on a shift at the same time as a lecture or seminar,” says Josh Chapman, a third-year journalism student at Sheffield Hallam. “That can be difficult, because you miss out on information and teaching.”
    Meanwhile, jobs in retail and childcare – such as school pick-ups – offer more sociable hours. My other friend says studying before shifts is better than being too tired to do it at the end of the day. “I had less time to play with, so if I had work at 1 p.m., I’d get up at 8 a.m. and get four hours of studying in before I went.”
    Prioritise your health. Remember that you’re paying to be at university and get a degree, so don’t let your job make you weary. If you are exhausted, you will not have the energy to study. Night club and bar work can mess with sleeping patterns.
    Students from wealthier backgrounds can use their time to do relevant voluntary work and get involved in extracurricular activities. This is one reason why socioeconomic background is such a big predictor of job market success. However, Juan Garcia, employability and development adviser at Queen Margaret University, thinks part-time work that complements study can greatly enhance students’ employability after they graduate, and they should seek paid internships.
    For those who achieve this, working is one way to get ahead. Onwa Wonci worked 20 hours a week while studying at university. She says it wasn’t easy, but she was committed. The employer offered her a full-time job in her final year. She wouldn’t have a job now if she hadn’t gone through those struggles. You work hard for some time, but then your efforts are rewarded.

    What is the danger of working flexible hours?

    1)A low salary.
    2)Irregular communication.
    3)An unstable income.
    4)An unreliable employer.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  12. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    Online learning
    Online courses are widely used in college – providing easy access to course materials, classroom discussions, and feedback to instructors. The course materials and activities may be accessed from any computer, whether it is from the University, or from the comfort of your own home. I have taken two online courses and benefited from those classes. There are a few reasons why I am drawn to an online education course as opposed to taking courses in a traditional classroom setting. First of all, I have a full-time job, which limits my opportunities to attend classes scheduled during normal school hours. Also, online classes allow me to work on my own and move at my own pace. Finally, these classes offer more of a one-on-one teacher-student relationship, rather than teachers having to spread their focus among thirty other students.
    Having a full-time job makes it very difficult to schedule your classes.
    The hours I have scheduled at my job are in conflict with the times that most classes are offered. The use of online courses has made life at work easier. When a person has to work full time, it is hard for that person to successfully juggle their job responsibilities along with homework and study. This person can always take an online course to deal with the time constraints that a job will put on them.
    The use of online courses allows you to cover the material needed in school while maintaining your workload.
    I have learned that to be a successful distance learner, you have to be self-disciplined and able to work well on your own. Since you will not be physically going to class each week, you can take part in class from the comfort of your own home. However, the instructor is not constantly there to remind you of assignments or of project deadlines. Other obligations include keeping up with all the work for the course.
    When I took my first online course, I just thought that the work for the course could be put off until I had time to do it. In doing this, I got very far behind. It took me quite a while to catch back up with the assignments, and I promised myself that I would never let that happen again. Students who procrastinate about their assignments usually wind up withdrawing from the course late in the semester. Students should leave time in their schedule to complete their online courses successfully. Although online classes are more convenient than traditional college classes, they should be looked at as typical college classes and not be taken lightly.
    Being able to communicate with instructors and other students has made me be a more active participant during the courses. With the two online courses I have taken, I never felt it was difficult to communicate with my instructors in order to ask for help or clarification of an assignment. The instructors and the students taking these classes have been very helpful to me. The online courses offer a discussion board to send posts to your fellow students. You get a chance to read and critique each other’s work and respond to the comments of your classmates.
    I have learned that by discussing each other’s ideas, we are in turn challenging each other to examine our own thoughts and feelings. Thus we get a chance to share personal experiences during the discussion while improving our writing style.
    Any student who is interested in taking an online course should do research on the class and speak with the instructor before enrolling, in order to make sure they are up for the challenge. Online courses are a great alternative for the student who holds a full-time job. They are not only convenient, but they teach you how to become a more disciplined scholar.

    Self-discipline is necessary because …

    1)you do not attend offline classes.
    2)you are not guided all the time.
    3)you have numerous tasks to complete.
    4)you are pressed for time.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  13. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    How Harry Potter saved one small town
    Mallaig is far from the prettiest of Highland settlements, even when the weather is fine. Several rows of what could be prewar council houses stretch across the hill beyond the harbour. A mishmash of car parks, jetties and workaday buildings squats close to the railway terminus. When I last stayed in Mallaig, it was known as the biggest herring port in Europe.
    Today, the herring have vanished, and yet Mallaig remains a busy place. Ferries come and go and fishing boats land shellfish, which is driven away in lorries to the markets of France and Spain. None of this activity, however, explains the hundreds of people who can be seen roaming Mallaig’s few streets every afternoon between the beginning of May and the end of October, or the presence of so many restaurants. What do explain them are two enthusiasms, one for low fact and the other for high fiction, which are kindled in childhood and among many adults never entirely disappear.
    The railway reached Mallaig from Fort William and the south in 1901. It was among the last big lines to be built in Britain, late enough to have its viaducts built of concrete. It traversed one of Europe’s most spectacular and emptiest landscapes, with hardly anything large enough to be called a village along its 40-mile length.
    The construction needed a large government subsidy, but the traffic never grew much beyond the two or three trains a day that carried fish boxes and a few dozen travellers to and from the Hebrides. It made little economic sense. Only 60 years after the line opened, it began to be threatened with closure. Few people would have guessed then that its commercial salvation would be owed to a novel and a film, and first of all, to a hobby.
    Railways became an amateur pastime as well as a means of transport during the last decades of the 19th century. Then professional men such as vicars and lawyers began to see the large variety of trains and their technical progress as a hobby offering a similar kind of pleasure to philately and butterfly-hunting. By the end of the century they had their own magazine and their own club, the Railway Club, the world’s first society for railway enthusiasts. It was founded in London in 1899 and had its own premises with a library and leather armchairs. It was from these elite beginnings that the 20th century’s great cult of trainspotting spread, reinforcing a more general fondness for steam locomotives that many people had without knowing quite why. So a sense of loss ran through Britain when, in the 1960s, it became clear that their day was nearly done.
    Hundreds of them were saved from the scrapyards and restored to working order; dozens of branch lines repaired and reopened so that in the holidays Britain could be charmed by how it once was. It’s hard to think that anywhere in the world has seen a more popular or successful preservation movement, or at least one run and largely funded by volunteers. Out of this business grew the West Coast Railway Company, which hires out engines, coaches and crew for steam excursions.
    A film producer looking to shoot a fantastical train in a dramatic location would naturally turn to such a company, and so in three Harry Potter films the train to Hogwarts is seen crossing Glenfinnan’s viaduct.
    Today, the Jacobite Express fills with Potter fans from all parts of the globe and always stops for a photo opportunity at Glenfinnan, which is where the real Bonnie Prince Charlie really raised his standard in '45 and marked as such by a real memorial. All of which reality is cast into shadow by the film of a modern fairytale.

    Which of the following statements is TRUE about the railway line?

    1)It was the last big line constructed in Europe.
    2)The traffic on it was busy at the beginning.
    3)It finally became profitable.
    4)It was closed shortly after its opening.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  14. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании обведите цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    The culture shock of being an international student
    For any student, moving away from home can be a bit scary. But I did not expect student life in Scotland to be all that different from my home of the Netherlands. After all, we get the same news and TV shows online. Many students find the northwest climate can affect them a lot. You may find the grayness and dampness, especially during the winter months, difficult to get used to. However, when I moved from Amsterdam to study at the University of Stirling, I began to realise that a few minor issues were catching me off balance. I was suffering a minor cultural shock.
    In my first year, I quickly found out my English was not as good as I had assumed. Most of my roommates were born and raised in Scotland, and I constantly found myself having to ask people to repeat themselves. Their Scottish accents did not help and I was mispronouncing names and places all the time. I also got confused about minor cultural things. Much to my flatmates’ amusement, it took me two Christmases to figure out that mince pies are not actually filled with minced beef.
    The linguistic barrier meant that public transport was tricky at first. I found the lack of information about bus prices and how and where to get tickets really surprising. It turned a simple 15-minute journey into a daunting task.
    Then I had to adjust to a new social life. I was surprised by the campus culture in the UK – in the Netherlands, most universities don’t have one main campus where you can attend university, as well as live and exercise all in the same place. But here, you never have to leave campus if you don’t want to. I had to adapt to everyone being so close to each other all the time.
    Parties are different here too. In the Netherlands, the less effort you put into getting ready, the better. I’d normally slip on my trusty Converse shoes, along with some clothes I could get away with wearing to class tomorrow, and wear minimal make-up. But, in my experience, partying is more formal in the UK. Your make-up needs to be flawless and your hair needs to be immaculate. You’ll preferably be wearing a dress and heels, too. I was constantly having to borrow clothes off my friends just to fit in. Parties finish early and everyone just wanders off, whereas in my country that would be the time I’d leave the house.
    But it is not all early closing times and strange pastries. Social behaviours may also confuse, surprise or offend you. For example, you may find people appear cold, distant or always in a hurry. Cultures are built on deeply-embedded sets of values, norms, assumptions and beliefs. It can be surprising and sometimes distressing to find that people do not share some of your most deeply held ideas, as most of us take our core values and beliefs for granted and assume they are universally held.
    However, I have found lots of pleasant surprises in the UK too – and so have many other international students I know. My friend Agnes was taken aback by how sociable people are. She says she was shocked when complete strangers started talking to her at the bus stop. I, personally, was surprised by how smartly male students in Sterling dress compared to my home country.
    Culture shock can knock your confidence in the beginning. But you are not alone in taking time to adapt, and soon you start to come to grips with all experiences. Studies suggest that taking a gap year or studying abroad can positively influence your brain to make you more outgoing and open to new ideas. Looking back, most of the ones I experienced made good stories to tell my friends.

    The word “daunting” in “ … a daunting task” (paragraph 3) is closest in meaning to …

    1)extremely easy.
    2)impossible.
    3)discouraging.
    4)comfortable.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  15. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    How to dress better for the planet
    Last year, in the interest of sustainable fashion, I joined a pledge to buy only five new pieces of clothing. Despite thinking of myself as someone who doesn’t really shop, I found the restriction to be a real chore. Unless you are buying vintage or spending a fortune, the dilemma of how to engage in the fun and newness without contributing to its environmental footprint is, it turns out, nearly universal. Data in a new report reveals 74% of people want to dress more sustainably, but most do not know how to go about it.
    Almost two decades after sustainable fashion entered mainstream discourse, most people have some awareness of the industry’s environmental impact – carbon emissions, pollution of waterways, deforestation, microplastics, and waste. They probably also know these ill effects are made worse by the sheer volume of product being made every year, and the increasing proportion of fossil-fuel based fabrics like polyester.
    The rising popularity of ultra-cheap, ultra-fast fashion brands brings the dilemma into stark focus. The report found that 39% of consumers find sustainable garments too expensive, and 27% say they are hard to identify. This new data reveals that, despite everyone’s best intentions, it is not clear where and how to shop with a reduced impact. So, how does one buy reasonably priced, sustainable clothes? The starting point is, of course, second-hand – sales of which grew by 15% in 2024. Data from one of the most frequently used online marketplaces suggests users search for “vintage” items more than 1,200 times a minute. But given the constraints on sizing and the time required to sift through racks, second-hand clothing is not always practical.
    When buying new clothes, context is important, says author and fashion educator Andrea Cheong. “What is financially accessible to people is going to vary, as is what is sustainable.” So rather than focusing on brands, she suggests buying the best quality of the item your budget can allow. That way, you will actually wear it. To assess quality, apply three criteria. First, buy nothing that contains a synthetic or semi-synthetic blend. Second, the garment must look as good on the inside as it does on the outside (small stitches, neat seams, non-synthetic lining). And third, it must be fit for purpose. Leggings should be supportive enough for a workout, coats should keep you warm, and pockets should be deep and sturdy enough to hold your phone.
    Detail is your friend. Garments made from a single, natural fibre such as cotton, linen or wool are easier to recycle and generally more durable. If a brand is using sustainable materials, they will tell you about it on the labels. Similarly, if a brand recycles water and chemicals, uses renewable energy, and pays its workers a living wage, they will include this detail and the location of the factory on their website. This is the information that reveals a level of trust, transparency and confidence. In addition, brands get bonus points for having repair, rental and resale programmes.
    When building a sustainable wardrobe, it is important to take a long view. Reinvest in the clothes you already own by having them professionally altered or learning how to repair them. Another key strategy is to opt for timeless, well-made pieces that can be styled in multiple ways and worn across seasons. Renting clothes for special occasions can also help satisfy the desire for novelty, without the environmental cost. When it truly is time to buy something new, choose the brands producing garments that are gentle both on your bank balance and the planet. Ultimately, sustainable fashion is less about perfection and more about making mindful changes that add up over time.

    Which rule for the selection of a clothing item is NOT mentioned in the text?

    1)Made of natural materials.
    2)Looks neatly-made.
    3)Appropriate for the aim.
    4)Easy to take care of.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  16. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    Why you need to pick up a book again
    According to Pew Research Center findings from 2018, 24 percent of the population had not read a book in the past year. And for those that do read, the American Times Use Survey – conducted by the Bureau of Labor Statistics – found that Americans over the age of 15 spend only about sixteen minutes a day reading for personal development. However, one silver lining of the pandemic may be that we are reading more. In fact, in the past year, 35 percent of the population have been reading more than they had in previous years.
    You may say, books are not the only sources of written text or, more broadly, information in our lives. We tend to spend two hours and twenty four minutes per day on social media. Interestingly, reading versus using social media have very different outcomes when it comes to our mental health. While many believe their mood will improve after checking their social media, many report that it actually worsens following a social media scroll. Yet, when people engage in reading – whether it is for self-help or for fun – reading has been shown to reduce stress. In fact, just six minutes of reading a day can reduce stress levels.
    Here are just a few ways that reading can benefit you.
    Reading is a form of mindfulness. Because we are often multitasking (which puts a heavy cognitive load on our brains), we often experience greater brain fog, difficulty concentrating, and irritability. When you settle down into a book, you are brought into the here and now, where you can focus presently on the story. The key is to stick with it. Especially if you are not used to reading, it can feel really uncomfortable to lean in. However, tell yourself that you are going to read at least ten pages to start. Chances are, you will want to keep going by the time you hit page 10.
    Reading can improve your emotional intelligence. Citing Christensen’s article from CNN Health, she includes a quote from Keith Oatley, a cognitive psychology professor emeritus at the University of Toronto, and an award-winning novelist. He stated, “Those who read fiction may understand people better than others. A work of fiction is a piece of consciousness that can pass from one mind to another, and that reader can make it their own.”
    Thus, when we take the time to really listen to another perspective, we can build our empathy in a profound way. In fact, fiction may be even more potent
    at some point, as it really goes into deep character development, and we gain a better understanding of the “why” behind a character’s motives.
    Reading has all kinds of cognitive benefits. Not only has reading been shown to improve sleep, but readers are also shown to have improved concentration and demonstrate greater memory retention. So, if you have been feeling cloudy, reading may be the perfect thing to sharpen your ability to recall.
    Even better is if you take a highlighter or pen to the lines that stand out to you. Write in the margins and include follow-up questions for yourself to build off of the text. Add your ideas that arise when you are reading. This will help you deepen your critical thinking skills.
    And one of the best parts about reading a good book? You can always pass it along to someone who will enjoy it next. Surprise them with a package in the mail or drop it off on their doorstep. I frequently do this on my social media account, where I offer to ship the books I have read to my community. I find that people love it! This is a great way to ensure that your books are bringing joy to others, rather than just gathering dust.

    To benefit from reading, it is necessary to …

    1)concentrate on it for some time.
    2)find a comfortable place.
    3)increase the page count every day.
    4)choose an interesting story.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  17. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    Save a gap year until you graduate?
    Taking a gap year after your graduation exams has gone out of fashion. It could be down to its notoriety, now that voluntourism schemes are widely considered self-serving. And then of course there’s the cost, which many students are avoiding in favour of travelling for a month or two. “A lot of my friends take the mick out of me saying, ‘Oh, you went to Cambodia on a gap year’,” says Beth Adams, 21, who studied politics and international relations at the University of Manchester, and took a year out after graduating. “You do feel like you’re fulfilling a stereotype a bit.”
    According to researchers, the number of people deferring their university places has gone down from 8% in 2002 to around 5% last year. Instead of postponing university study, many graduates are taking a year out after receiving their degree. According to a survey carried out by YouGov and London Stansted airport, more young people are taking a gap year after university, and almost half of UK adults believe job prospects are enhanced by combining travel and learning. So is it better to save your gap year until after graduating?
    Definitely, when you’ve been in education for all those years, where your life is September to July, a break is a good idea. You can recharge your batteries and see the world outside the classroom. You can practise foreign languages and improve your communication skills. You have time to figure things out and a year of being able to work on different projects. As a result, you may land in a job in the industry you like.
    Although some take a gap year after university because they have a job lined up and managed to delay their start date, most are yet to secure work and are biding their time. It’s a common misconception that such individuals immediately go abroad to volunteer or travel. In reality, students don’t have the funds to do this. Many prefer to stay in their country juggling internships and part-time work.
    For those who do go abroad, a gap-year stint volunteering is no longer merely a way for middle-class kids to boost their CVs. Graduates say they are making more considered choices. The practical experience of working abroad helps some of them get ready for a master’s, which is something they do not have time to do during their finals.
    Graduates are also using gap years to explore different career routes. According to recruitment firm Tempo, more than half of students feel there is too much emphasis placed on graduate schemes when starting out in their career. Elena Ricci, 23, who graduated from the University of Southampton last year, agrees. “After I finished my degree, I didn’t really know what to do. So I worked for a law firm for a month, and then I went to Cambodia on a placement. If I had gone straight into a grad job, I don’t think I would have been happy,” she says.
    Although graduates can bring great skills to volunteering and enhance their employability, there are some risks attached. “You are delaying your career or further study for a year and some employers may not get why you’ve done it,” says Manuel Otero, a senior lecturer in social sciences at Cardiff University who specialises in the link between education and work. His advice is not to stand still. It makes sense to work out what to do, and one of the best ways to find out what to do is to try it out.
    After her year abroad, Ricci has now decided to start a master’s in September. She says graduates should ignore stereotypes and do what works for them. So, do what you want, regardless of what others might say. It’s up to you to decide. What works out for others may not work out for you, and vice versa. You never know till you try.

    Which advantage of a gap year is NOT mentioned in the text?

    1)Understanding what you want.
    2)Experiencing a different culture.
    3)Becoming better at languages.
    4)Having a rest and getting new impressions.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  18. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    What it is really like to travel alone
    My wanderlust started with a Billy Joel song. Yes, some might say it is unwise to visit a city just because of a catchy tune. But that was how I made my way to Austria with only good old Billy as my travel buddy.
    In college, I took part in a spring work/study program in London. And while I loved the U.K. and my job working for a health website, what excited me most was the opportunity to travel. I spent my weekends visiting cafés in Barcelona with my roommates, and admiring Edinburgh accompanied by friends. But no one wanted to stay and explore Europe more extensively after our sixteen weeks were up. So, I decided to do it alone.
    I did not set out wanting to travel by myself. It is something that young women are discouraged from doing. My own mother was desperate to talk me out of the idea. “It’s dangerous for girls to travel by themselves,” she would warn me every time we spoke. I insisted that I knew women my age who had done it, and that I would be fine. My friends back home were skeptical, too. “Wait, no one’s going with you?” they would ask. No doubt they wondered who would be taking photos of me for my posts on the Internet.
    But after convincing them that just because I am a Millennial woman does not mean I have to be constantly surrounded by a team, I had to convince myself to believe it. The night before my departure I was terrified. While everyone else was flying back to the States, I would be on the Chunnel to Paris to start my two-week trip alone. The thought was disabling. I have always been a person who recharges with alone time, but this suddenly seemed like too much to take on, especially in unfamiliar places.
    The journey was liberating. While I was nervous that my first meal alone would be awkward, I was not tempted by the idea of eating takeout in my hostel room, either. So, I faced the fear. I slipped on my formal (albeit a bit wrinkled) jacket, channeled my inner Cool French Girl, and stepped out into the cool spring air of the Montmartre quarter. I was going to dinner.
    It ended up being one of the most memorable dining experiences of my life. I savored the otherworldly steak frites for which the restaurant is famous, observed the elegant Parisian women adorned in their Saturday evening pearls, and even ordered in the language of love. I enjoyed my glass of freshly squeezed orange juice, and devoured a plate of the most delicious eclairs in the entire City of Light. I had no fear of judgment by others, since no one knew me, nor did I know anyone.
    This freedom ended up being one of the most enjoyable aspects of my trip, and for once, that did not mean feeling guilty. I spent hours riding on a water bus in Venice. I decided not to climb the Duomo in Florence because it just seemed like too many stairs. I read for hours in the lush gardens of the Schönbrunn Palace in Vienna. Though the trip was not without its uncomfortable moments, of course, my solo trip was not a mistake – for sure.
    I spent the final hours of my trip wandering around the gorgeous, pastel façade-lined streets of Vienna. About fifteen minutes prior to leaving, I pulled out my iPod and listened to “Vienna.” After the familiar piano trills, Billy’s familiar voice flooded in: “Slow down you crazy child,” he sang. “You’re so ambitious for a juvenile.” I began to cry – partially from exhaustion, perhaps, but mostly because the moment felt intensely profound. Here I was, in a city I had always escaped to in my mind through Billy’s song, closing out the most incredible experience of my life. A little crazy, a little ambitious. All me.

    What does the author of the essay aim to do?

    1)To entertain the reader by telling her story.
    2)To describe her personal experience.
    3)To show how a song can guide one’s life.
    4)To persuade women to travel alone.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  19. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    What volunteering taught me
    Today I am member of the UN Global Education First Youth Advocacy Group. Many young people have come to me to ask how I got to be in such an initiative. It has always been a pleasure for me to share my volunteer experiences, and it is because of these experiences that I was selected out of 500 applications to serve in this group. It all started when I was in secondary school. I was engaged in student affairs as the president of the UNESCO club, a school platform that brings students together to discuss school matters and the pressing current issues concerning them.
    After secondary school, I started volunteering within non-governmental organizations. It was at this moment that I began to understand a lot about community development. I was involved in projects and activities relating to peace, human rights and the environment. It was a great pleasure for me to contribute to the development of my community through volunteering because the impact was visible.
    I had many obstacles while volunteering because people don’t value volunteer work. In Cameroon and especially in my community, people consider volunteering as waste of time and resources. They cannot conceive the fact that someone can work without remuneration or a salary. My friends and family advised me on several occasions to stop volunteering. I felt very discouraged at some point, but I could not stop because I loved doing it. Volunteering was the top priority in my life. I decided not to pay attention to their advice but to concentrate on my work.
    By spending time with host families in various regions I got used to cultural differences, which was really helpful during the projects. I learned a lot about what belonged to the norms and values of the local people. For example, how to dress appropriately, eat and even how to shower and go to the bathroom the local way. Most of the things are totally different than in my area, so it took some time to adapt.
    In Nigeria I taught English conversation, 3 times a day. I had the opportunity to come up with my own ideas for the classes and tried to be as creative as possible making my lessons not only informative, but also fun. Apart from having conversations, we also cooked food, listened to English music and painted. Having a lot of conversations in English on different topics, I understood how to look at things from a different perspective. It also made me think in a more creative way, out of the box, one can say. I think this will help me in the future, looking at things through different glasses.
    One day, a group of young people came to me and said they had something to say. I was very surprised. They said they were all grateful for the changes I brought into their lives through peer education. I was so happy to hear this that it aroused joy in my heart. This experience made me understand that only volunteer work can have such a profound impact on people’s lives.
    There are three elements that permitted me to succeed in a life dedicated to volunteering: passion, determination and patience. Volunteering helped me become a job creator, not a job seeker.
    My advice to my peers is that we cannot succeed in life overnight. We have to work hard to enjoy the fruits of our labor. Even if you have a diploma from the best school in the world, it is not enough because what matters most is your skills, your talent. The best way to discover who you are in order to integrate yourself into society is to volunteer. Volunteering not only allows you to offer your services, but to learn and discover new things and improve your skills. One secret in volunteer work is to avoid thinking about money because that is where the problem is. Young people expect to be paid as they are volunteering.

    Why did the author have difficulties when volunteering?

    1)People did not understand the purpose of volunteering.
    2)Employers did not want to pay volunteers.
    3)She spent too much time volunteering.
    4)Her family did not approve of her work.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  20. Задание 14

    Прочитайте текст и выполните задания 12–18. В каждом задании запишите в поле ответа цифру 1, 2, 3 или 4, соответствующую выбранному Вами варианту ответа.
    AI and student experience
    No matter what your occupation is, you have probably faced some uncertainty over the last few years as a result of innovative Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology and its growing popularity. Teachers and students alike feel strongly about the upcoming changes. There are certain ways in which AI technology is altering education, both for teachers and students. Here is what lies ahead for education and the student experience in today’s AI-driven world.
    If you have tried using AI tools yourself, you know how powerful they can be. With just a few clicks, these programmes can write stories, organise ideas, and even complete homework assignments. Unfortunately for educators, this potent tool is also available to students who may use it to cheat and plagiarise work. Over the last several months, teachers from elementary schools to universities have been trying to address this growing problem.
    Sadly, there is, as yet, no silver-bullet solution for teachers. While some software has claimed to be able to detect the presence of AI-generated content, none of these have fully cracked the code. Teachers are now left to guess whether students are using this software to complete assignments. As a result of this change, there will likely be a shift in education that puts emphasis on in-person assessments, rather than take-home assignments. In this way, educators can be sure that students are not using AI software to generate their work.
    But AI is not just causing problems – it is also creating new opportunities. Teachers are also starting to introduce AI into their processes. Instead of banning the use of AI, many educators and institutions are currently trying to figure out the best ways for students to use this technology as a helpful tool. Some teachers believe that soon, all students will learn how to use AI properly to support their learning in honest and useful ways.
    Over the decades, a critique of the school system has been its one-size-fits-all approach to education. This is a model that treats every student the same way, ignoring individual needs and learning styles. Though there were some attempts to fix this issue, none have been very effective. Today, however, AI is presenting itself as an antidote to this problem. The data about students’ abilities makes it possible for teachers to use AI to personalise learning. For example, the technology can show which students need extra help, and which ones are ready for more challenging work. This means teachers can tweak their lessons to fit each student’s needs, helping everyone do their best.
    Getting extra help outside of school has always been important for many students, but not everyone could afford private tutors. Now, AI is changing that. Free AI tutors are becoming available to help students with their schoolwork anytime they need it. These digital tutors can explain difficult concepts, help with homework, and give students the extra practice they need to understand tough subjects.
    Thus, AI can have a wide variety of impacts on the student experience. While it is creating new problems, like cheating, it is also offering new ways to make learning more personal and accessible for every student. Now, all students have more opportunities to excel in subjects they once found challenging. This incredible innovation makes me hopeful that more students will achieve academic success. The key will be learning how to use this technology wisely – as a tool to support learning, not replace it. As teachers and students continue to adapt, one thing is clear: education will never again be the same.

    What is the problem with the systems that spot the use of AI?

    1)They are quite unreliable.
    2)They are difficult to access.
    3)They are rather expensive.
    4)They are hard to work with.

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

Готовите ученика к экзамену?

TutRoom — кабинет репетитора: расписание занятий, ученики, оплаты и онлайн-доска в одном месте. Тариф Free бесплатный.

Для репетиторов Бесплатная онлайн-доска

Читайте также

Проверено . Источники: ФИПИ — открытый банк заданий ЕГЭ · ФИПИ — спецификации и демоверсии ЕГЭ. Официальные решения публикуют Рособрнадзор, ФИПИ и Минпросвещения — при расхождении верны они.