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Задание 10 ЕГЭ по английскому языку: страница 2

Номер 10 — «Соотнесение текстов и заголовков · Чтение». Ниже 64 задания №10 ЕГЭ по английскому языку: введите ответ и нажмите «Проверить». Каждое задание открывается отдельной страницей.

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  1. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.Still a mystery
    2.Size doesn’t matter
    3.Food for the brain
    4.Losing to a computer
    5.Brain myths
    6.Glimpses of history
    7.A computer in your head
    8.Basic facts
    A.The human brain is a very mysterious organ which has interested various scientists all over the world throughout the history of mankind. It is grayish-white in colour and is shaped like a mushroom. The brain is encased in a hard bony structure, called the skull, and weighs about 1.4–1.5 kilograms on average. The brain is comprised of about one hundred billion neurons. These neurons carry and transmit signals through electrochemical processes for our body to function though we don’t feel these processes.
    B.This is a stunning human brain fact that it is faster than any computer processor and is quite capable of solving problems more efficiently than gadgets. According to some reports, the master organ can execute up to 10,000,000,000,000,000 tasks per second. In 2015 it took the world’s fourth most powerful supercomputer 40 minutes to perform the functions which the human brain can perform within just one second. This proves that no computer can ever substitute human scientists – at least in the near future.
    C.According to some studies, the most beneficial diet for the brain is seafood. It contains fatty acids which can considerably increase brain performance up to 15 percent. Oily fish, for instance, is a good source of omega-3 fatty acids. Omega-3s help build membranes around each cell in the body, including the brain cells, and increase blood flow in the brain. They can, therefore, improve the structure of brain cells called neurons and boost brain function. So, mind what you eat to be clever!
    D.The brain is still not fully understood, and its research is ongoing. Neuroscientists, along with researchers from allied disciplines, have been studying how the human brain works for a long time. The boundaries between the specialties of neuroscience, neurology and other disciplines such as psychiatry have faded as they are all influenced by basic research in neuroscience. Still, there are more questions than answers despite all the advances in modern science and scientists’ collective efforts.
    E.You may be surprised to find it out, but in fact, the size of the brain and a person’s intelligence are not strongly related. Studies tend to indicate small to moderate correlations (averaging around 0.3 to 0.4) between brain volume and IQ. The most consistent associations have been observed within the frontal, temporal, and parietal lobes, but these only account for a relatively small amount of variance in IQ, which itself has only a partial relationship to general intelligence and real-world performance.
    F.Research has disproved some common misconceptions about the brain. These include both ancient and modern ones. For instance, it is not true that neurons are not replaced after the age of two; nor that only 10% of the brain is used. Popular culture has also oversimplified the lateralization of the brain, suggesting that functions are completely specific to one side of the brain or the other. Science fiction books offer even more false stories about the brain.
    G.The earliest recorded reference to the brain refers to Egyptian manuscripts of the 17th century BC. The hieroglyph for the brain, occurring eight times in this papyrus, describes the symptoms, diagnosis, and prognosis of two traumatic injuries to the head. In the 5th century BC, the brain was first considered to be the seat of the mind and intelligence. In the Roman Empire scientists studied the brain of monkeys, sheep and other animals and made some important conclusions for that time.
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    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  2. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.Fun in theory, boring in reality
    2.Deficit of activity problems
    3.Saving rare animals
    4.Contrary to popular belief
    5.Benefits of being outdoors
    6.Ready to help
    7.Original style
    8.Similar sounds – different emotions
    A.In addition to being highly intelligent, elephants are capable of a remarkable amount of empathy. During a natural disaster, elephants are able to understand that something dangerous is happening. They can understand that a person is in trouble and that the situation is unsafe. Elephants have good sense of smell and there have been cases when they alerted rescuers to people trapped in a building. Elephants have been observed saving their young from drowning and also been filmed trying to save people they see at risk of drowning.
    B.A lot of studies suggest that green spaces enhance mental health and learning capacity, both immediately and over time, by lowering stress levels and restoring attention. Greenery restores attention by drawing the eye and at the same time calms the nervous system, creating an ideal state for learning. Similarly, studies show that spending time in the sunlight can reduce attention deficit symptoms, while bright light first thing in the morning can improve mood and the quality of sleep.
    C.Why are hyenas known for laughing? There is even a phrase we use: “to laugh like a hyena”. Zoologists will tell you that the unique sounds they make are actually no laughing matter. Hyenas indeed make loud barking noises that sound like laughter, but it’s not because they’re amused by anything. Instead, a hyena’s “laughter” is actually a form of communication used to convey frustration, excitement, or fear. Most often, you’ll hear this unique vocalization during a hunt or when the animals are feeding on prey as a group.
    D.Zoologists believe that boredom isn’t a uniquely human emotion – animals can be bored, too. Animals which live in captivity (in zoos, for example) and don’t have to take care of their survival may experience boredom and try to find ways to overcome it. They may come up with some “creative” activities which they wouldn’t normally do in their natural environment. As for the pets at home, they may also suffer from the lack of stimulation. That’s why we need to make sure we give them enough time, attention and toys regularly.
    E.While most dogs jump eagerly into the water to swim, cats don’t usually do that, and many believe that cats have a phobia of water. But some pet groomers insist that it’s not true and getting a cat to trust you enough to bathe is quite possible, with some patience and skill. Most cats are not afraid of water like so many people may think. They are actually afraid of loud noises and of drowning, rather than water itself. Cats drink water every day, lots of cats even play with water or follow people into the shower.
    F.Videogame testers spend most of their time testing the game long before it’s finished and long before it starts to become a fun experience. Even after the game is developed enough to start being fun, the testing tasks often aren’t entertaining at all. Testers may have to walk their character around a forest, for example, to look for trees that aren’t drawn well. They then record the coordinates so an artist can fix them later. It’s monotonous work and can take days to finish. So if testing video games seems like a fun, easy job to you, think again.
    G.Claude Monet’s impressionist paintings were all about nature. In his works he tried to capture nature as it appeared to him at the moment. He also experimented with light and shadow and how they changed during different times of the day. Some artists of the time criticized Monet because his works lacked detail and didn’t resemble finished paintings. Monet used strong colours, which he did not mix. He painted them onto the canvas in short brush strokes. He was also criticized for not using classical painting techniques.
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    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  3. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.Losing habitat
    2.Helping cheetahs
    3.Natural surroundings
    4.What does a cheetah look like?
    5.Sign language
    6.Setting speed records
    7.Unique hunting habits
    8.How can cheetahs speak?
    A.Adult cheetahs are, on average, 2.5 feet tall at the shoulder, and up to nearly 5 feet long from head to rump, with their tails adding another 26 to 33 inches. Typically, these large cats weigh between 75 and 140 pounds. Cheetahs have black spots scattered across their tan coats. Their spots are evenly distributed across the body. Cheetahs’ spotted coats help them blend into the environment when resting, stalking prey and hiding from predators. Like a human fingerprint, these markings are unique from cat to cat.
    B.Cheetahs’ long, slender bodies, powerful legs and flexible spine enable them to fully stretch their bodies when they sprint and cover significant ground – around 20 to 22 feet per stride. Cheetahs have been known to accelerate from 0 to 45 mph (72 km/h) in just 2.5 seconds. For comparison, the fastest cars in the world can accelerate from 0 to 60 mph (97 km/h) in 3.5 seconds. The fastest a human can run is about 28 mph (45 km/h), which means it’s impossible for a person to outrun a cheetah on foot.
    C.Cheetahs are native to Africa and Asia, although the Asiatic cheetah has become all but extinct. According to the African Wildlife Foundation, the large cats currently only inhabit about 10 % of their historic range, and are primarily found in North Africa, the Sahel (the region between the Sahara Desert and the Sudanian savanna), eastern Africa (Kenya and Tanzania), and southern Africa (Namibia and Botswana). A small population also lives in Iran, where they are critically endangered.
    D.Cheetahs do not have one home location where they seek shelter day in and day out. Instead, these nomadic cats have home territories or ranges – expanses of grasslands, savannas, forest land and mountainous terrain, ranging from 5 to over 300 square miles (13 to over 780 square kilometres) in size, which they regularly roam, according to the Smithsonian National Zoo. When cheetahs are not actively hunting, they prefer to sleep and rest in tall grasses, under trees, or on rocky outposts.
    E.Cheetahs are carnivores, or meat-eaters, whose typical prey are small to medium-size animals, such as birds, hares, warthogs, gazelles and young wildebeest. During daybreak and dusk, cheetahs spend their time stalking and catching prey. Because their teeth are short compared to other big cats, cheetahs do not go for the throat right away in an attack. Instead, they suffocate their prey by clamping down on the animal’s throat with their strong jaws. Despite being carnivores, cheetahs are the shyest of the big cats.
    F.Unlike other large cats, cheetahs can’t roar. But they can purr just like cats. Compared with other big cats, such as lions, tigers and leopards, cheetahs have a wide vocabulary. In addition to purring, they are able to produce a large range of vocal cues, such as chirping, hissing, yelping and an “eeaow” sound, which is similar to a cat’s meow. Each vocalization has a specific meaning. Various types of chirping, for example, could be a mother giving instructions to her cubs, or a female trying to attract a male.
    G.The cheetahs’ steep population decline is tied to habitat loss, human conflict, illegal trade and poaching. Conservation efforts are underway to try and support the population rebound. Groups, such as the African Wildlife Foundation and the Cheetah Conservation Fund, work locally with communities near cheetah populations to create sustainable solutions for agriculture and population growth, so that both the cats and humans have sufficient space. Protected areas and wildlife parks save cheetahs too.
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    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  4. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.A great school
    2.Not a happy life
    3.Ecological concern
    4.Nice memories of zoos
    5.Scientific studies
    6.A topic for debate
    7.Ruined natural order
    8.Helping creatures in danger
    A.Most children enjoy visiting zoos. However, as kids grow older, they start to understand the concept of captivity. Indeed, the question of whether zoos are ethical or not is a controversial one. It is clear that whether zoos are ethical depends on how the individual zoo is managed and run. It is also important to consider what animals are kept in it. So, the answer is not a straightforward yes or no. It depends on many factors, such as the zoo’s purpose, the animals’ living conditions, and their overall well-being.
    B.Zoos play an important role in educating the public about wildlife protection. This offers a good opportunity for people to learn about animals they might never see in the wild. Visitors can find information signs next to the animal exhibits. There are a lot of interactive programmes to get up close to some animals. People can learn more about their habitats and behaviours. This kind of education can be especially helpful for children who may not have access to such information otherwise.
    C.Zoos are actively involved in protection for endangered species. Some zoos participate in breeding programmes and other projects to preserve and protect animal species. There are some cases where a species is critically endangered or facing threats such as poaching and habitat destruction. Zoos can help here. They provide a much safer environment for these animals to grow and develop. In fact, some animals are so rare that living in a zoo is actually better for survival and population growth compared to the wild.
    D.Zoos offer a lot of research opportunities to study and understand animal behaviour, biology, and health. It is much easier to observe animals in captivity because of consistent access to them. So researchers can study various aspects of wild animals’ lives. Otherwise, it would be difficult or impossible to watch them in the wild. Besides, this research can give valuable advice on how people can better support these animals, even those living in the wild. This work can improve their well-being.
    E.In every ecosystem, every living organism plays an important role in maintaining its balance. When animals are taken out of their natural habitats and placed in zoos, this balance is changed. It affects not just the animal removed, but also other species that might depend on it. There is also the ethical question of whether humans truly have the right to decide which species should grow or struggle, live or die. Critics of the zoo system say that people have no right to change the world of nature.
    F.Nothing can replace the freedom and complexity of life in the wild. Captivity, even in the most enriched environment, is still captivity. The stress caused by the lack of space and unusual living conditions in a zoo can lead to physical and psychological health problems for wild animals. Some animals exhibit signs of abnormal and repetitive behaviour. This is believed to be caused by stress and boredom. Everyone has at least once seen the endless pacing of caged tigers, leopards, or other big cats in the zoo.
    G.Zoos offer a lot of ways to create laughter and moments of happiness with one’s family. But they are not best friends with the environment. They can also badly affect some animal species. Zoos are really not good for the environment. Establishing a new zoo requires a lot of modification. That may mean damaging natural habitats for some species. Zoos also involve distant movement of wildlife, sending out more greenhouse gasses into the atmosphere, and contributing to global warming.
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    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  5. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.Life cycle
    2.Fascinating facts
    3.Distribution and habitat
    4.Masters of camouflage
    5.Chatty animals
    6.Physical features
    7.The main threats
    8.An economic importance
    A.An octopus is a sea animal with eight arms. Octopi live in seas throughout the world. An octopus can change colour quickly depending on its surroundings or its mood. It can be grey, brown, pink, blue, green, or even red if it is suddenly frightened. It can change the colour of its entire body in just three-tenths of a second. But the creature doesn’t simply take on the general pattern of its surroundings. Instead, it often mimics specific undersea objects, like plants or rocks, to disappear into the underwater scenery.
    B.Although dolphins look like fish and live in water, they are actually mammals. There are more than 35 species, or types, of dolphins. They are divided into two groups: true dolphins and river dolphins. True dolphins live all over the world in either salt or fresh water. The most widespread species are the common dolphin and the bottlenose dolphin. River dolphins live only in South America and Asia. They prefer freshwater. The Amazon river dolphin is found in the Orinoco and Amazon rivers.
    C.Dolphins are known for being intelligent and playful. They use sounds for communication among themselves as members of a school (also called a herd or a pod). Schools may consist of five to several thousand individuals. Often an entire school will function as a unit to accomplish some objective, such as trapping fish. Dolphins have some of the most elaborate acoustic abilities in the animal kingdom. They make a variety of sounds including whistles, clicks, squawks, squeaks, moans, barks, groans and yelps.
    D.Unlike most other fish, sharks have skeletons composed of cartilage rather than bone. With a few exceptions, sharks have torpedo-shaped bodies — an efficient, streamlined design for fast-swimming predators. Bottom dwellers tend to be stout and heavy bodied. Sharks normally have tough, grey skin with toothlike scales. Sharks vary in colour from grey to cream, brown, yellow, slate, or blue and are often patterned with spots, bands, or marbling. The whale shark is the largest living fish. It can weigh up to 20 tons.
    E.Corals live in all oceans of the world. Reefs are composed of numerous different species of coral. Coral reefs cover less than one percent of the earth’s surface. Certain species of fish spend their life among the corals. Because of the income coming directly from fishing in their waters, reefs provide resources and services worth billions of dollars every year. Millions of people around the world depend on coral reefs for food, protection and employment. These figures are impressive.
    F.Corals have barely changed over the last hundred million years. They are the same as they were during dinosaur times. Corals actually comprise an ancient and unique partnership, called symbiosis. Several different types of corals together can form enormous colonies that are called coral reefs. Coral reefs are intriguing things. Coral reefs can grow so large that they can be seen from outer space. Although they only take up a tiny proportion of the world’s ocean, coral reefs contain more than a quarter of all ocean-dwelling creatures.
    G.A coral reef is a hard natural structure under the sea that is formed from coral. Coral reefs are some of the most diverse ecosystems in the world. Coral reefs only occupy 0.1% of the area of the ocean but they support 25% of all marine species on the planet. People have long used coral skeletons to make jewelry. But this and other human activities have put many corals at risk. Rising ocean temperatures, oil spills, and chemical pollution harm corals. Boats that sail over reefs may also damage corals.
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    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  6. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.Figuratively speaking
    2.Silver versus gold
    3.Key facts
    4.Precious doctor
    5.Useful in many ways
    6.The history of silver
    7.Silver symbols
    8.Potentially dangerous
    A.Silver is a chemical element with the symbol Ag (from the Latin ‘argentum’, meaning ‘shiny’). Its atomic number is 47. Silver is a soft, white metal which exhibits the highest electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity and reflectivity of any metal. Silver is found in the Earth’s crust in a pure, free elemental form (the so-called ‘native silver’) together with gold and other metals, and in some minerals. Most silver is produced as a byproduct of copper, gold, or zinc refining.
    B.Other than in currency and as an investment medium, silver is used in solar panels, water filtration, jewelry and silverware making, in electrical contacts and conductors, mirrors and so on. You may not know this, but silver is also necessary for window coatings, in the catalysis of chemical reactions, and even as a colorant in stained glass and in specialized confectionery. Its compounds are also used in photographic and X-ray film and making bandages and wound dressings.
    C.In medicine, silver is incorporated into wound dressings and used as an antibiotic coating in medical devices. Wound dressings containing silver are used to treat external infections. Silver is also used in some medical applications, such as catheters and breathing tubes. This is because the silver ion is bioactive and in sufficient concentrations it successfully kills harmful bacteria. Silver compounds are easily taken into the body like mercury, but lack the toxicity of the latter.
    D.Silver compounds have low toxicity compared to those of most other heavy metals as they are poorly absorbed by the human body. However, some silver compounds are caustic and can cause stomach and breathing disorders. Animals repeatedly dosed with silver salts have been observed to experience slowed growth and liver and kidney problems. Colloidal silver causes poisoning. Some waterborne species are particularly sensitive to silver salts and those of other precious metals.
    E.Silver plays a certain role in mythology and has been used in folklore. Greek poets often used silver to denote somebody or something which is second best. In folklore, silver was commonly thought to have mystical powers. For example, a silver bullet in folk tales is supposed to be the only effective weapon against monsters. In many books, however, silver also represents greed and degradation of consciousness; this is the negative aspect, the unfair treatment of its value.
    F.Silver was one of the seven metals that were known to prehistoric humans and whose discovery is thus lost to history. In particular, three metals – copper, silver, and gold – occur in elemental form in nature and were probably used as the first primitive forms of money, as opposed to simple bartering. Since silver is more reactive than gold, supplies of native silver were much more limited than those of gold. For example, silver was more expensive than gold in Egypt.
    G.The English language has a lot of phrases and idioms with the word ‘silver’. If a person is very lucky, they say that this person was born with ‘a silver spoon in their mouth’. If you want to encourage somebody who has problems, you may say that ‘every cloud has a silver lining’ and eventually things will turn out fine. You say that ‘speech is silver, but silence is golden’ when you are not happy with somebody’s words. It is certainly interesting to learn about such expressions.
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    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  7. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.From natural to technological
    2.Present everywhere
    3.Smart ideas changing the world
    4.Making our lives less boring
    5.Cheaper and stronger over time
    6.Changing habits
    7.Necessary at sea
    8.Helping to get around
    A.Humans are naturally curious and creative. This led our species to many scientific and technological discoveries. Since many years ago our earliest ancestors hit a rock to make the first sharp-edged tool, humans have continued to innovate. From the debut of the wheel to the launch of Mars rovers, several of these key findings stand out as especially revolutionary. Some inventions were made by chance. However, most of them were the work of innovative thinkers who had put many years into their discoveries.
    B.Finding your way in the world was much harder in the past. People used tools like compasses, maps and stars to explore and settle in most parts of our planet. However, these old methods didn’t work well for exact navigation, especially for airplanes or when walking in unfamiliar places. The invention of GPS fixed this problem. GPS is a system of satellites that send signals to Earth. Anyone with a GPS device can use these signals to know exactly where they are. GPS is very important for safety.
    C.Before the invention of the wheel, humans were limited in how much stuff we could transport over land, and how far. The wheel itself was not the most difficult part of “inventing the wheel.” When time came to connect a platform to the wheel, things got tricky. For instance, the holes at the centre of the wheels had to be nearly perfectly round and smooth. The hard work paid off. Wheeled carts helped agriculture and transportation of goods. Now, wheels are found in everything from clocks to vehicles or turbines.
    D.Ancient mariners used the stars for navigation, but this method didn’t work during the day or on cloudy nights, making it dangerous to travel far from land. The first compass was invented in China. It was used for navigation for the first time between the 11th and 12th centuries. Soon after, the technology was brought to the West. The compass helped mariners to navigate safely far from land. It opened up the world for exploration and the development of global trade. This instrument is still widely used today.
    E.The invention of the light bulb transformed our world. It made us less dependent on natural light. It allowed us to be productive at any time, day or night. Thomas Edison is credited as the primary inventor of the technology because he made a lighting system in 1879. This invention introduced electricity to homes of the Western world. It also had a rather unexpected result of modifying people’s sleep patterns. Instead of going to bed at nightfall and sleeping in segments throughout the night, we now sleep all in one go.
    F.People first made nails over 2,000 years ago in Ancient Rome. This became possible when humans learned how to work with metal. Before this, builders had to fit wooden pieces together in special ways, which was much harder and took more time. Until about 200 years ago, workers made nails by hand. A blacksmith would heat an iron rod and hammer it into shape. Machines started making nails between 1790 and 1820, which made them more available. The way we make nails keeps improving. Now nails are made from steel and last longer.
    G.People have been keeping food cold for thousands of years. In ancient times, they used ice or cold water, depending on where they lived. The first artificial cooling system appeared in 1748. In 1834, American engineer Jacob Perkins created a new cooling system using compressed gas. Then in 1876, German engineer Carl von Linde found a way to turn gas into liquid. The first home refrigerator was invented in 1913 by American engineer Fred Wolf. As more people wanted fresh food, refrigerators became common in houses.
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    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  8. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.Lions’ home
    2.Lions in danger
    3.Necessary for nature
    4.Problems of family life
    5.Appearance matters
    6.Giving a helping hand
    7.Looking after their young
    8.Clever strategies for food
    A.The magnificent lion is the symbol of Africa. Powerful and beautiful, the king of the beasts has no natural enemies. Lions have strong, compact bodies and powerful forelegs, teeth, and jaws for pulling down their food. Their coats are yellow-gold, and adult males have manes that range in colour from blond, to reddish-brown and black. The length and the colour of a lion’s mane are likely determined by age, genetics, and hormones. Young lions have light spots on their coats that disappear as they grow.
    B.Lions are mammals and the most sociable of all big cats. They live in groups called prides, which usually consist of related females and their cubs. Males often fight to maintain dominance. Young females usually stay in their mothers’ prides for life, unless food shortage forces them out. Young males are driven from their prides when they grow large enough to compete with the dominant males. This usually happens when young males are between the ages of 2 and 4.
    C.Today, lions are not at risk of extinction in Africa. However, three-quarters of their populations are in decline. The main threats to African lions are conflicts with people and the loss of living space, as well as climate change and wildlife trade. Some African lion populations have become small and isolated. Besides, the number of plant-eating animals they hunt for is being reduced. With around 23,000 African lions left in the wild, they are now officially classified as “vulnerable.”
    D.African lions are highly adaptable animals and can be found in a wide variety of habitats, including desert areas. They prefer open woodland and thick bush, as well as scrub and grasslands. Such environments help them to hunt and also to find shade to rest during the hottest part of the day. African lions used to be spread across most of the continent. But now they are only found in sub-Saharan Africa, with 80% in eastern or southern Africa. Three of the five largest populations are in Tanzania.
    E.Lions are top hunters in their environments, whether that is grassland, desert, or open woodland. It means they play an important role in keeping a healthy balance of numbers among other animals, especially plant-eating ones, like zebra and wildebeest. This influences the condition of grasslands and forests. By protecting a lion’s landscape, people are helping the whole area to grow and develop, which does not just benefit wildlife, but the people who rely on local natural resources, too.
    F.Lions do most of their hunting at night as their eyes have adapted to the dark. This gives them a huge advantage over the animals they hunt for. Interestingly, lions also hunt during storms. The noise, rain, and wind make it harder for other animals to see and hear lions, increasing their chances of a successful hunt. Females are the primary hunters, although males will sometimes join them during a hunt. When hunting, females have specific roles. Some chase the animal towards those in the centre.
    G.To save lions, new protected areas of habitat in east Africa are organised. There is a special conservation programme in Kenya that monitors and protects lions. The programme educates local people on lion conservation, too. This includes working with local communities, such as anti-poisoning actions. They also provide better fenced areas for farm animals in local villages. Taking school children on trips to see the wild animals they are saving is one more important action to support wildlife.
    ABCDEFG

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  9. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.Natural habitat
    2.A danger to pandas
    3.All of them alike
    4.A variety of pandas
    5.A food favourite
    6.Better alone
    7.Conservation issues
    8.How do pandas communicate?
    A.Giant pandas are bears that are native to China, where they are considered a national treasure. Despite their exalted status, giant panda populations are vulnerable: fewer than 1,900 live in the wild. About 300 live in zoos around the world. When the latest assessment was made in 2014, the population of the giant panda appeared to be increasing. There are 67 panda reserves in China that protect around two thirds of giant pandas in the wild and more than 50% of the giant panda’s habitat, according to the World Wildlife Fund.
    B.For many years, scientists wondered whether pandas were a type of bear, raccoon or something all their own. But plenty of genetic studies have made it clear that pandas are a type of bear. Also called great pandas, parti-coloured or bamboo bears, giant pandas are distinguished from other pandas by their large size and black-and-white colouring. Their bold colouring provides camouflage, as a result, giant pandas are nearly invisible in dense patches of bamboo, according to the Smithsonian National Zoo.
    C.A giant panda’s appetite for bamboo is insatiable. Bamboo is relatively low in nutrients, that is why pandas have to eat much of it. In order to get a variety of nutrients, pandas eat various parts of the bamboo plant and will seek out bamboo that is sprouting new shoots and leaves as they contain higher amounts of nutrients at different times of the year. Sometimes there is not enough bamboo around to sustain large bears, so giant pandas will occasionally supplement their diet with rodents, fish, insects or birds.
    D.In the wild, giant pandas are only found in the remote, mountainous regions of central China, in Sichuan, Shaanxi and Gansu provinces, according to the National Zoo. In these areas, between 5,000 and 10,000 feet elevation, there are cool, wet bamboo forests that serve as home for giant pandas. The large bears make their dens from hollowed-out logs or stumps of conifer trees found within the forest. In the summer, giant pandas will climb 13,000 feet up the mountains of their home area to feed.
    E.For the most part, giant pandas are loners. They dislike being around other pandas so much that they have a heightened sense of smell that lets them know when another panda is nearby so it can be avoided, according to the National Geographic. If they do come in contact with one another, they will growl, swat and bite each other until one gives up and leaves. On average, the giant panda’s territory is about 1.9 square miles (5 square kilometres), which is large enough to avoid unwilling contacts.
    F.Pandas are the most vocal of all bear species, according to the San Diego Zoo. A bleat, similar to the sound of a lamb or a goat kid would make, is one of the most distinctive vocalizations of the giant panda, and is typically used as a greeting. Other vocalizations include honks, huffs, barks and growls, while cubs often croak and squeal. Giant pandas are known to be noisy, curious and playful. Even in captivity, they are often found playing noisily with enrichment items, such as toys and puzzles.
    G.The giant panda is considered vulnerable to extinction under the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. One of the main threats to the giant panda’s survival is the population of feral dogs that roam the forests where pandas live. Packs of dogs will hunt pandas. Even if dogs do not succeed in killing a panda, they can transfer diseases to the bears. These large bears are not particularly agile or swift creatures, so their primary escape route is up. If they can’t make it up a tree, they will get injured or killed.
    ABCDEFG

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  10. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только
    один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.Mad about ponies
    2.A great imitation
    3.Fairy-tale horses
    4.The origin of horses
    5.From a job to a sport
    6.Figuratively speaking
    7.Horses treating kids
    8.The importance of horses
    A.The horse is a large animal which was domesticated about 5,000 years ago. Now it’s impossible to imagine our life without horses. There are more than 300 different breeds and 60 million horses in the world today that are used as working animals (to pull the ploughs in the field and transport heavy loads), for racing, competitions and shows, for recreation and so on. In the USA alone, 4.6 million Americans work in the horse industry which earns 39 billion dollars per year.
    B.Rodeo is a very popular competitive sport which developed from horse farming in Mexico and later continued in many other countries. It came out of the daily practices and tasks performed by ranch workers who spent long hours with horses. Actually, a rodeo is based on the skills required of the working cowboys. Now it is a professional sport that consists of several events organized to show the skill and speed of the participants, cowboys and even cowgirls.
    C.With The American Rodeo computer game you’ll find yourself right in the middle of the rodeo arena. Finally here is a chance for you to try this sport with this incredibly realistic new software. The horse will start jumping when you press the "GO" button. Your task in this game is to keep the rider on the horse all the time until the end of the game, otherwise you lose. Of course, you can replay as many times as you want, just fix the mouse cursor on the rider’s body as long as you can.
    D.Children with certain health or behavioral problems often have a low self-esteem and difficulties connecting with other people. Sometimes they are also unable to express their feelings. Working with a horse is an effective way for such children to work through some of their problems because it’s easy for kids to project their own needs onto an animal, to tell their own stories from an animal’s point of view, and then to be able to find healthier solutions to their personal problems.
    E.My Little Pony: Friendship Is Magic is a children’s animated fantasy TV series based on Hasbro’s line of toys and animated works. Its creative director Lauren Faust managed to create attractive characters and adventurous settings that are now loved by girls all over the world. The main character is the unicorn pony named Twilight Sparkle and she learns about friendship in the town of Ponyville with five other ponies. The series has become a major commercial success with kids.
    F.As My Little Pony series became the most highly rated original production in the Hub Network’s broadcast history, it opened new merchandising opportunities for Hasbro. Now girls go crazy about anything with an image of the cartoon characters on it – books, clothing, collectible trading cards, puzzles, and comics. Mind you, anything with a picture of Pinkie Pie or Applejack on it will be much more expensive than the regular thing, but this doesn’t stop either kids or their parents.
    G.People domesticated horses so long ago that it’s no wonder we have so many idiomatic expressions with the word horse in many languages of the world. English is certainly not an exception here. For instance, if you are flogging a dead horse, it means you are wasting your time trying to do something when it is impossible. A dark horse is a candidate that is unknown to the public or a person who surprises people by doing something that they do not expect. It’s fun to learn such phrases.
    ABCDEFG

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  11. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.Clever habits
    2.Surviving flora
    3.Adding two more
    4.What’s the weather like?
    5.Humans cause harm
    6.Young and beautiful
    7.Native people’s habits
    8.Where is the taiga found?
    A.The taiga biome stretches across the Northern Hemisphere. It takes in large areas of North America and Eurasia, especially Canada and Russia, respectively. It also spans across Alaska and Scandinavia. The taiga biome occupies about 27% of the Earth’s surface. It is located south of the tundra biome, which is characterized by a frozen land and constant snow. Because of its location, the taiga biome is rather cold. It is to the north of the temperate forests and grasslands, which are much warmer.
    B.There are cold winds that blow cold Arctic air into the taiga biome, making it very cold most of the year. Therefore, this climate is called the subarctic climate. The earth rotates around the sun annually. Due to the tilt of the sun, the taiga biome faces away from the sun, resulting in long snowy winters, which are extremely cold. Another effect is that there is less radiation from the sun to heat the land up. For these reasons, the summer is barely three months long, and the winter is double that.
    C.The taiga is home to various species of plants. These plants are used to an extremely cold climate and mainly consist of coniferous trees, evergreens, and spruces. The absence of sunlight in the biome is an important factor, which means plants must have adaptable leaves. The evergreens have green leaves throughout the year, so they have enough food due to the presence of chlorophyll in their leaves. They keep the same leaves for a very long time, enabling them to use minimal solar energy.
    D.There is a limit to the number of animals that can survive in the taiga, due to the cold temperatures. Still, there are many animal species, including mammals, birds, and insect species. Like the taiga plants, animals in the biome must have adaptive features to survive in this climate. During the summer, more animals are in sight than during the winter. This is because most of them either migrate to warmer biomes where they can cope easily, especially for birds, or spend the winter sleeping until the next summer season.
    E.Surprisingly, there are six seasons, as identified by the native people of the boreal forest or taiga. The seasons are spring, break-up, summer, autumn, freeze-up, and winter. The period in October, when the trees lose their leaves and the lakes become frozen, is known as freeze-up. This period occurs after autumn and ends when winter starts. The other period is when the snow melts, and the ground looks bare. This season is called the break-up season and may last quite long – until all the ice in the lakes has melted.
    F.Compared to certain trees that grow in more temperate climates, most of the trees in the boreal forest or taiga are young. Forests are typically less than 100 years old throughout the western boreal zone, and mainly younger than 200 years old in the eastern boreal zone. Due to frequent natural disasters that are the result of an ecological loop that renews the boreal forest, scientists do not believe this amazing forest to be ancient. But they all agree that it is the largest biome on land.
    G.The boreal forest contributes greatly to the earth’s oxygen supply by collecting carbon dioxide produced by people. It helps a lot in the preservation of the ozone layer thanks to its green vegetation. However, human activities such as deforestation are destroying the boreal forest’s structure. When a tree is harmed, it takes a long time to grow back, because the biome has an extremely slow growth rate. That’s why the boreal forest has drawn the attention of the environment protection specialists worldwide.
    ABCDEFG

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  12. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.Pluses and minuses
    2.Difficult to prove
    3.Strategy for success
    4.Choosing one’s lifestyle
    5.Why they win
    6.Useful signs
    7.Genre differences
    8.Fresh start
    A.What sets a musical and an opera apart is that in opera, music is the driving force; in musical theatre, words come first. While listening to an opera, it usually doesn’t matter what language it’s sung in if you know the basic plot – but in musical theatre, the details come from the lyrics. This explanation clarifies why opera stars often sing in a different style than Broadway performers do, why operas and musicals are typically about different subjects, and why musical composition and orchestration vary between the two disciplines.
    B.When the Internet was invented, nobody really thought about security. The main aim was to connect computer networks over great distances. Although a lot of money have been spent on making the Internet safer, security has actually become worse. Experts say that the whole net has become so unsafe that it would be best to start all over again. Nobody knows what a new Internet would look like but users would have to give up their anonymity for a bit more safety. Today’s Internet might end up as a bad neighbourhood you just wouldn’t pass through.
    C.In the past decades African runners have dominated marathons all over the world. The Ethiopian Abebe Bikila ran barefoot to his first gold medal in the 1960 Olympic Games. He repeated his victory four years later. Experts think that African runners are better because they train in higher places in their home countries. Their legs may also be stronger than ours and they may have the ability to collect and store more oxygen. All of these help them become very good runners.
    D.Watching TV shows is a great way to learn spoken English, slang words, understand culture reference and humour. However, people on TV shows sometimes speak with grammar mistakes, which is often a part of character development. Characters talk with an accent, using non-standard English and pronouncing words in a way that is difficult to understand. While it is a great way to practice listening and talking in everyday life, it is probably not a good source for “proper English”.
    E.When you are running a marathon it is very important to drink a lot so that your body does not dehydrate. You should run at a steady pace. Don’t start too fast or you will become tired very quickly and won’t be able to continue. This is called “hitting the wall”. In most cases runners then give up completely. On the other hand, you shouldn’t start too slowly or else you won’t reach the time limit you want to achieve. After a marathon most runners feel pain in their muscles. This is normal and it may take a few days before your body becomes normal again.
    F.In ancient times, people could only use the power of observation to tell what the weather would bring. They could observe the changing patterns of the seasons. This taught them when to plant and when the crops would grow. People also observed animals and the growing cycles of plants to predict changes in the weather. They could tell when a rainy season was coming and when it would get cold. People used their senses to see and smell changes in the weather. The migration of animals was also a good indication of change.
    G.It is not clear who was the first to reach the North Pole. A US explorer called Frederick Cook insisted on having walked there in 1908, but nobody could support his claim. Another American called Robert Peary announced that he had reached the Pole in 1909, but because his men were not trained navigators, none of them could be sure. Because the Arctic is made of ice that floats on the sea, rather than snow and ice on rock like the Antarctic, any evidence of visiting the North Pole will quickly be swallowed up by water.
    ABCDEFG

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  13. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.Getting bigger
    2.The weather in Paris
    3.Why live in Paris?
    4.Key facts
    5.Becoming stronger
    6.Location
    7.A rich place
    8.The jewel of Paris
    A.Paris is the capital city of France. It is situated in the north-central part of the country. People were living on the site of the present-day city, located along the Seine River by about 7600 BC. The modern city has spread far beyond both banks of the Seine. Paris is by far the country’s most important centre of commerce and culture. The area of the city is 41 square miles (105 square km); the population of Paris and its suburbs is approximately 10 million people.
    B.For centuries Paris has been one of the world’s most important and attractive cities. It is appreciated for the opportunities it offers for business and commerce, for study, culture, and entertainment; its gastronomy, haute couture, painting, literature, and intellectual community especially enjoy an enviable reputation. It is called the City of Light and it lives up to its reputation being an important centre for education and intellectual pursuits.
    C.Paris is situated at a crossroads of both water and land routes significant not only to France but also to Europe. It has had a continuing influence on its growth. Under Roman administration, in the 1st century BC, the original site on the Île de la Cité was designated the capital of the territory. Under King Hugh Capet (ruled 987 – 996), the preeminence of Paris was firmly established, and Paris became a political and cultural hub as modern France took shape.
    D.Paris is located on the western side of Europe and in a plain relatively close to the sea. Thanks to the Gulf Stream, it has a fairly temperate climate. The weather can be very changeable, however, especially in the winter and spring, when the wind can be sharp and cold. The annual average temperature is roughly 12 °C; the July average is about 19 °C, and the January average is about 3 °C. The temperature drops below freezing for about a month each year, and snow falls on such days.
    E.At the eastern end of the Île de la Cité we can see the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris. It is situated on a spot that Parisians have always reserved for the practice of religious rites. Like all cathedrals in France, Notre-Dame is the property of the state, although its operation as a religious institution is left entirely to the Roman Catholic Church. The cathedral looks stunning. It is certainly the most famous landmark in Paris, attracting millions of tourists each year.
    F.In 1850, Paris had approximately 600,000 inhabitants. It then grew rapidly as industrial expansion attracted a constant stream of people from the provinces. By 1870, the population had surpassed 1,000,000, and by 1931 the conurbation contained some 5,000,000 people, more than half of them living in the city of Paris, the administrative city within the old gates. After World War II, this growth continued, and in the early 21st century Greater Paris had over 10 million people.
    G.Paris is not only the political and cultural capital of France but also its major financial and commercial centre. It is a very wealthy city, home to many vast private fortunes, both of French and foreign origin. It serves as the base for numerous international business concerns, and even if large French firms have their manufacturing plants in the provinces, nearly all keep their headquarters in Paris, conveniently close to major banks and key ministries.
    ABCDEFG

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  14. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.Combining travel and fun
    2.Echo of global processes
    3.Not always as planned
    4.Getting to the top
    5.It can ruin your holiday
    6.Variety of weather conditions
    7.Watching wildlife
    8.Avoiding crowds
    A.While Nepal may be most famous for its high mountains, it actually spans from jungle-filled plains bordering India to the edge of the Tibetan Plateau. There’s a lot of climatic diversity. The best month to visit Nepal largely depends on what you want to do while you’re there, and whether you’ll be visiting either very high or very low-lying places. The climate plays a big part in the tourism seasons. In different seasons, you can see rhinos and other wild animals, go white-water rafting, or hike in the mountains.
    B.Much of the above advice doesn’t really apply if you want to climb Mt Everest or another Himalayan peak. The climbing seasons are not always the same as the best trekking and sightseeing seasons. Spring (March to May) and early autumn (late September and October) are the best times for mountaineering, as temperatures and weather conditions are optimal for such activities. However, conditions vary year by year, and climbing expeditions are sometimes affected by unpredictable events in the mountains.
    C.The festival season takes place during the peak tourism season. Festivals are usually held in October and in November. The dates are different because they follow a lunar calendar. One is mostly a family affair, and the capital essentially clears out for around a week during the festival. Many shops and businesses are closed. The festival of light is more accessible to travellers. You will see displays of lights outside homes and businesses all over the country. It is the best time to visit the capital of Nepal.
    D.Much of Nepal sits at a lower altitude than many people think, and the short winter is typically mild there, including one in the capital. There may be some foggy mornings and cold nights, but when the sky is clear, winter days can be quite warm in the cities. The other major advantage of visiting the country in the winter is that it’s one of the cheapest times to visit Nepal, and there are few other tourists around. Lower-altitude trekking trails will be comfortable, as long as you have a good jacket for cold nights.
    E.Nepal isn’t only about the mountains. National parks are full of wildlife, including lots of one-horned rhinoceros and a few Royal Bengal tigers. The best time to see wildlife is at the end of winter. In late January, local villagers are allowed to cut the high elephant grass that shoots up after the rainy season. Then the animals that were previously hiding in it become visible. You’re much more likely to see rhinos and other animals at this time of year. Later, the temperatures become very hot, and everyone including animals hide from the burning sun.
    F.By late spring, the arrival of the monsoon is expected in Nepal. Temperatures become uncomfortably hot in many places, and the air quality is poor. The unpleasant conditions become more tolerable with the arrival of the monsoon in June. Then the locals welcome the rains, which are cooling and refreshing, but rather heavy. However, for travellers, the monsoon is the worst time to visit Nepal. Rain means cloudy skies, muddy and flooded streets, canceled or delayed flights, and the potential for landslides across roads.
    G.For years, spring was considered to be a second high season in Nepal. However, in recent years, this common wisdom sounds less and less true. Winters are usually dry, and as temperatures heat up through the spring, wildfires spread. This has been happening for a long time. With climate change, wildfires have become worse over the last few years. The smoke from wildfires impacts air quality throughout the country, and it is already dangerous in the capital. It also negatively influences how well you can see in the mountains.
    ABCDEFG

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  15. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.Different terms
    2.Emotions and sleep
    3.Lack of sleep
    4.Sleep and obesity
    5.The importance of sleep
    6.Reasons to be active
    7.How long to sleep
    8.What is obesity
    A.When a person has excess weight or body fat, this might affect their health. It is usually caused by the consumption of more calories than the body can use. The excess calories are stored as fat. Obesity is a medical condition. It was first recognized as a disease in 1948 by the World Health Organisation (WHO). Obese people suffer from a large number of diseases. In most people, obesity is caused by eating too much and moving too little. There are different types of obesity.
    B.It’s never too late to become more physically active. Physical activity refers to any movement of the body that uses energy. It can include housework, walking and gardening. Exercise is a kind of physical activity. It is planned and repetitive. Examples of exercise are going to the gym and running on a treadmill. If you are interested in maintaining good health, physical activity can be a great place to start. If you want to achieve fitness goals, you will need to incorporate structured exercise into your routine.
    C.Exercising regularly is one of the most important things you can do for your health. In the short term, exercise helps to control appetite, boost mood and improve sleep. In the long term, it reduces the risk of heart disease, stroke, diabetes, dementia and depression. Exercise plays a vital role in building and maintaining strong muscles and bones. Regular exercise also increases your chances of living longer. There are many types of physical activity, including swimming, running, jogging, walking and dancing.
    D.Sleep plays an essential role in your health and well-being. Getting enough good quality sleep has many benefits. It protects your physical and mental health, quality of life and personal safety. When we sleep, our brain lays down memory, restores daytime mental functioning and carries out processes that lead to physical growth. Poor sleep is strongly linked to weight gain. People with short sleep duration tend to weigh significantly more than those who get adequate sleep. Mental health issues are strongly linked to poor sleep quality.
    E.Sleep is a vital indicator of overall health and well-being. On average, adults should optimally receive between seven and nine hours of sleep each night, but those needs vary individually. For example, some people feel best with eight consecutive hours of sleep, while others do well with six to seven hours at night and daytime napping. Some people feel okay when their sleep schedule changes, while others feel strongly affected by a new schedule or even one night of insufficient sleep.
    F.Obesity develops when energy intake is greater than expenditure. Diet and physical activity play an important part in this. However, an additional factor may be inadequate sleep. A growing body of research suggests that there’s a link between how much people sleep and how much they weigh. In general, children and adults who get too little sleep tend to weigh more than those who get enough sleep. People who don’t get enough sleep may take in more calories than those who do, simply because they are awake longer and have more opportunities to eat.
    G.People find it harder to fall asleep when they are anxious and sad. The relationship between mood disorders and quality sleep is a complex, two-way street. Just as negative mood states can make getting a good night’s sleep a virtual impossibility, insufficient sleep can lead to depression. Regardless of which comes first, the end result is that a blue mood and poor sleep go hand-in-hand. The amount and quality of our sleep can play a huge role in our mental health including how we feel and how we act toward other people.
    ABCDEFG

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  16. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.From the history of the game
    2.The first tennis competitions
    3.The rules of table tennis
    4.Similar yet different
    5.Countries good at table tennis
    6.Table tennis equipment
    7.Why watch tennis
    8.Both for men and women
    A.Table tennis is a ball game similar in principle to lawn tennis. It’s played on a flat table divided into two equal courts by a net fixed across its width at the middle. The task is to hit the ball so that it goes over the net and bounces on the opponent’s half of the table in such a way that the opponent cannot reach it or return it correctly. The lightweight hollow ball is propelled back and forth across the net by small rackets. The game is popular all over the world, among people of different age.
    B.Table tennis is a relatively young sport. In fact, it was invented in England in the early days of the 20th century and was originally called Ping-Pong. The name “table tennis” was adopted in 1921 or 1922 when the old Ping-Pong Association formed in 1902 was revived. Led by representatives of Germany, Hungary, and England, the International Table Tennis Federation was founded in 1926. By the mid-1990s more than 165 national associations were the members of this association.
    C.Table tennis is really a sport for everyone. You don’t need to spend much money or buy many things to play table tennis. The table is rectangular, 9 feet by 5 feet, its upper surface a level plane 30 inches above the floor. The net is 6 feet long, and its upper edge along the whole length is 6 inches above the playing surface. The ball, which is spherical and hollow, was once made of white celluloid. Since 1969 a plastic similar to celluloid has been used. The racket may be any size, weight, or shape.
    D.It’s easy to understand how tennis is played. A tennis match consists of the best of any odd numbers of games, each game being won by the player who first reaches 11 points or who, after 10 points each, wins two clear points ahead. A point is scored when the server fails to make a good service, when either player fails to make a good return, or when either player commits a specified infraction. Service changes hands after every two points until 10-all is reached, when it changes after every subsequent point.
    E.Table tennis may be played with one player at each end of the table or with two players at each end who may be both men or both women or one of each. Worldwide, the women’s game is comparable in organization to the men’s, and women take part in world championships and all other organized events. The first female tournament took place in 1909, but women are known to have been playing tennis since 1874, which is obvious from old pictures and photos which survived the test of time.
    F.The first world championships were held in London in 1927, and from then until 1939 the game was dominated by players from central Europe, the men’s team event being won nine times by Hungary and twice by Czechoslovakia. In the mid-1950s Asia emerged as a breeding ground of champions, and from that time the men’s team event has been won by either Japan or China, as has the women’s event, though to a lesser extent; North Korea also became an international force.
    G.People eagerly come to the stadiums to see a game of tennis live or switch on their TVs when an exciting match is on. The interest to the spectator lies in observing the ability of one player to defeat another by some well-thought-out strategy. Increasing the speed of the game, slowing it down, varying the direction of or imparting different spin or pace to the ball are just some of the tactics that may be used to support the strategy planned by a sportsman. Thus, a game of tennis can be a real show.
    ABCDEFG

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  17. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.Causes of bird migration
    2.A way of spending free time
    3.Where birds live
    4.Behaviour and feeding habits
    5.Importance to people
    6.Types of migrating birds
    7.Where birds migrate
    8.Causes of bird extinction
    A.Birds are distinguished from all other animals by their feathers. Some types of birds live alone most of the time. Other types are more social. They may sleep, fly, and nest in groups called flocks. Birds use different sounds to communicate with one another. For example, some baby chicks stop moving when their mother produces a danger call. They may also sing to announce that a certain patch of land belongs to them. Many types eat insects. Some water birds catch fish. Many other types eat plant material.
    B.Birds are found almost everywhere on Earth. There are more than 10,000 types of birds. All birds have similar features. The loss of a complete bird species may be inevitable because they are too sensitive to rapid changes. Birds living on small islands, or in desert or mountainous regions, can be vulnerable to slight changes in climate, while even minor disruptions of forest habitats can affect the breeding habits and survival of others. In some regions, it is the hunting of birds, for sport or to trade their pelts, that is the greatest threat.
    C.Birds have spread throughout all parts of Earth because of their ability to fly. They live in a great variety of habitats, including fields, forests, grasslands, deserts, marshes, islands, and the open ocean. The size of an area and the diversity of the habitats help determine the number of species found in a given area. Many birds migrate, or fly long distances between their winter and summer homes. For example, many European birds travel to Africa for the winter. This helps them find enough food year-round.
    D.Every bird when it is seen for the first time brings a thrill of discovery. The spring migration is a fresh wonder every year. The surprise and delight of coming across a rarity and the difficulty of keeping it in view long enough to be sure of what it is help to make bird-watching an endless fascination. Bird-watching is a hobby that can be enjoyed for a lifetime. In bird clubs the membership ranges in age from young children to grandparents. Bird-watching can combine healthy outdoor activity with the pursuit of beauty and knowledge.
    E.Some birds never move far from where they were born whereas others migrate and can travel huge distances in the process. Birds migrate from one summer season to the other. Although they take a lot of risk when they migrate, for many of them it significantly improves their chances of survival and allows them to raise more offspring in another region. Birds migrate to move from areas of low or decreasing resources to areas of high or increasing resources.
    F.Birds and their eggs have been sources of food for humans since their origin and still are in most societies. With the rise of agriculture, birds became important to farmers. In their constant search for food, wild birds eat huge numbers of insects, weed seeds, and rodents. Insects, weeds, and rodents cut down the amount of food the farmer can harvest from field, garden, and orchard. Many people keep birds as pets. Small finches and parrots are especially popular. Zoological parks are a source of recreation for millions of people each year.
    G.Migration is often annual. It is closely linked with the cyclic pattern of the seasons. It is most evident among birds, which have a highly efficient means of traveling swiftly over long distances. The migration of most birds is a yearly cycle. Not all birds migrate. Permanent residents do not migrate. They are able to find adequate supplies of food year-round. Short-distance migrants move only a short distance. Medium-distance migrants cover distances that span from one to several states. There are also long-distance migrants.
    ABCDEFG

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  18. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.Set objectives wisely
    2.Plan for efficiency
    3.The faster, the better
    4.Not only work matters
    5.Importance of time management
    6.Delegate and refuse
    7.Avoid distractions
    8.First things first
    A.Time is precious, particularly when it comes to running a small business. While being your own boss is a dream for many, it comes with a lot of responsibility. No doubt, you never seem to be able to check off all the items on your to-do list. From networking to marketing your company, it may seem like there’s an endless number of tasks and never enough time. If you want to maintain a healthy work-life balance, your time management skills really need to be on point. After all, there are never more than 24 hours in a day.
    B.Goal setting is crucial to any good time management strategy. To make sure you’re engaging in activities that support your business goals, both short- and long-term, you need to define those goals in terms that are clear and achievable. After all, if your goal is just “to grow your business,” you might find yourself stressed and not know where to begin. Standing for “Smart, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant, and Time-bound”, SMART goals provide clear, step-by-step tasks to help you get where you need to go.
    C.Once you have set your goals and determined the individual tasks you need to do to achieve them, it’s time to prioritise. Of course, you want to make sure you’re getting things done, but they should be the right things. Stephen Covey offers advice on how to work through your to-do list based on urgency. Focus your energy on completing your most important and urgent tasks before moving on to less time-sensitive items. Low-priority stuff offers the illusion of being busy. Do these later.
    D.One of the worst things you can do is jump into the workday with no clear idea about what needs to get done. While it might seem like a waste of time to take five to ten minutes to think ahead rather than getting straight down to business, you’ll be surprised at how much more efficient you can be just by dedicating a little time to planning out the rest of the day. If you schedule your time wisely, you can focus on one task at a time, rather than wasting time jumping from one thing to the next. This allows you to work smarter, not harder.
    E.Start paying attention to the number of times someone interrupts you when you are doing an important task. Track self-induced interruptions, too, particularly those of the social media variety. Your smartphone is extremely useful, but it’s also highly addictive and among the most harmful time-wasters known to man. It may take a massive exercise in will power, but shut the door and turn off your phone to maximize your time. Instead of being “always on”, plan a break in the day to catch up on email, make phone calls, etc.
    F.If you have hired talented, dedicated employees, one of the most impactful management tools is asking them to handle some tasks. Running a successful small business depends on the owner’s ability to think about what lies ahead and not get stuck in day-to-day operations. Look for opportunities to pass responsibility for specific tasks to others on your team. That’s what you hired them for, isn’t it? If you have to decline a request in order to attend to what’s truly important and urgent, do not hesitate to do so.
    G.Taking care of yourself is important. In fact, one Harvard study found that insomnia can cause the average worker to lose up to 11.3 days of productivity each year, while another study found that regular exercise helps improve concentration, sharpen memory, speed up your ability to learn, and even lower your stress levels. Making sure you have some free time each day to spend on the people and things you love is important for your mental health, and can help keep you energised and passionate about your work.
    ABCDEFG

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  19. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.Danger for space missions
    2.Costly problem of space junk
    3.How it all started
    4.Do-It-Yourself device
    5.Entertaining worker
    6.Rapid transportation
    7.Looking for easier ways
    8.Tiny but informative
    A.Launched in December 1961, OSCAR 1 was the world’s first non-governmental satellite. It was built for only 63 dollars by a group of amateur radio operators and operated for nearly 20 days, testing radio reception from space. OSCAR 1 marked the beginning of a program that continues to this day. The program has led to innovations in spacecraft design and enabled radio enthusiasts to participate in satellite communications.
    B.Having a small satellite launched into orbit might sound strange, but over the past few decades a unique class of satellites has been created that seems ideal for space operations: CubeSats. The most common CubeSat is a 10 cm cube. Within their compact bodies these miniature satellites are able to place sensors and communications receivers/transmitters that enable operators to study the Earth from space, as well as space around the Earth.
    C.A CubeSat is a small satellite that weighs just 1 kilogram. The design of these satellites has been so simplified that almost anyone can build them. More than that, the instructions are available for free online. They are quite easy to understand. After you build one, you can also test and launch it. CubeSats can be combined to make larger satellites if you need to carry heavier weights. Is it expensive to build one? Typically less than $5,000.
    D.Australian scientists have successfully tested a new kind of jet aircraft that can move seven times faster than the speed of sound. It can bring hypersonic or ultra-fast travel a step closer to reality. Hypersonic jet engine that could be used to fly people from Sydney to London in just two hours is planned to make its first flight in 2018, according to the Australian scientists and engineers working on the project.
    E.A robot-cook, which is created by the programmers of the company-resident of the business incubator of Tomsk State University of Control Systems and Radioelectronics, will be able to replace workers of fast food restaurants in making hot dogs, candy floss and other foods. The authors of the idea believe that the robot will be popular with restaurant-keepers, especially as a marketing tool to attract customers.
    F.Since the birth of space flight in 1957, the number of man-made objects orbiting the Earth has grown every year. There are now more than 15,000 such objects larger than 10cm, at least those that we know of. Even very small particles can pose a risk to spacecraft, because of the high relative speeds at which they travel. Space trash can affect not only critical equipment such as communications satellites, but it can also be problematic for space flights.
    G.National space agencies and private satellite and communications companies have an interest in reducing the amount of space trash or so-called debris in orbit. If one organisation removes debris, it will help everyone in space. But because doing so will be complex and very expensive, the best option for anyone of these players is to wait for somebody else to have a go first. That would give them a cleaner space without paying for clearing it up.
    ABCDEFG

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

  20. Задание 10

    Установите соответствие между текстами A–G и заголовками 1–8. Занесите свои ответы в таблицу. Используйте каждую цифру только один раз. В задании один заголовок лишний.

    1.Choose what you like
    2.Know what you aim for
    3.Schedule movement
    4.Seeing the bright side
    5.Discipline comes first
    6.Less but more useful
    7.Go step-by-step
    8.Care for body and mind
    A.Setting healthy goals is one way to come up with a plan on how to kickstart your new healthy lifestyle. It gives you something to work for and helps keep you motivated to work hard. By setting goals for yourself, you give yourself something to focus on. Additionally, goals allow you to measure your progress and see how much you have achieved. When setting your goals, be realistic with yourself. Not reaching your goals within some period of time might be discouraging and cause you to give up altogether.
    B.Focus on one goal at a time to avoid being under pressure and cope with all tasks. If you want to lose weight, make small goals on how to do it. Work out at least three times a week, and add more vegetables to your plate when you want seconds. Keep a journal or track it on your phone to make sure you achieve those small goals weekly. When those goals just become part of your weekly routine, add a new goal – such as only eating out twice a week, or adding a weight lifting class.
    C.The ability to manage your feelings and deal with everyday stresses and difficulties can be challenging. Keeping up good mental health means occasionally putting your own needs first. We can’t take care of others if we don’t take care of our own emotional and physical state. If you are looking for a healthier lifestyle, start with your mental health and make sure you are finding time to relax and do things you enjoy, rewarding yourself for the things you achieve and spending time with good people who value you.
    D.How you think about yourself can have a huge impact on how you feel mentally and physically. Negative thoughts can do a lot of harm to your self-confidence, and influence those around you as well. Try to practise positive thinking instead of having negative thoughts. One way to practise positive self-talk and make a healthy mental change is to be kind to your body. A positive body image is an acceptance of your body. Body positivity makes people confident and comfortable in their own skin.
    E.Getting used to a new workout routine can be difficult, especially if you are new to exercise. However, exercising is one of the best activities to add to a healthy lifestyle. It definitely improves your mood as well as physical well-being significantly. Just like changing your lifestyle, you should come up with goals and a workout plan you can follow. Start small with something as simple as walking three times a week, and gradually add various exercises to your workout schedule.
    F.Eating healthy to lose weight is all about finding nutritious foods you enjoy that you can include in your diet for the rest of your life. There are a lot of diet plans out there that might work for you, but eating healthy comes down to reducing your calories and including healthy foods like fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy, seafood, beans and nuts in your meals. Try to cut the amount of processed foods in your diet and look for whole foods instead. This doesn’t mean cutting everything you enjoy – it’s about balance.
    G.Exercising to lose weight, just like eating healthy to lose weight, really only comes down to finding something healthy you enjoy and will continue to do. Just like with eating healthy, you’ll want to start small and try new activities that will help you stay active. If you don’t enjoy running, don’t do it. Find something that you look forward to doing after a long or busy day. Maybe that’s a cycle class, a long walk with a friend, or a yoga class. The important thing is that you are moving and physically using your body.
    ABCDEFG

    Источник: ФИПИ (по данным открытых источников).

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Проверено . Источники: ФИПИ — открытый банк заданий ЕГЭ · ФИПИ — спецификации и демоверсии ЕГЭ. Официальные решения публикуют Рособрнадзор, ФИПИ и Минпросвещения — при расхождении верны они.